Autonomic Nervous System, Cognition, and Emotional Valence During Different Phases of the Menstrual Cycle-A Narrative Review.

IF 2 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
NeuroSci Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI:10.3390/neurosci6030078
Sankanika Roy, Elettra Agordati, Thomas D W Wilcockson
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Abstract

The menstrual cycle affects the autonomic nervous system (ANS), cognition, and emotional valence in all biological women. There exists a complex relationship between hormonal fluctuations, ANS, cognition, and emotional valence during the different phases of the menstrual cycle, which includes menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase. Hence, this narrative review is an attempt to comprehensively understand the effects of the menstrual cycle on the structural and functional integrity of the ANS. In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between the menstrual cycle, hormonal fluctuations, and ANS function in biological women, this review examines key parameters, including heart rate variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), and pupillary light reflex (PLR), to investigate how these physiological systems are dynamically influenced by the cyclical changes in hormone levels and how these fluctuations impact various physiological and psychological outcomes, such as mood, cognition, and emotional regulation. There have been several studies previously performed to assess these parameters during different phases of the menstrual cycle. However, the results have been contradictory; therefore, this review explores possible reasons behind these inconsistent results, with likely reasons including irregularity in the menstrual cycles and differences in hormonal fluctuations between different women during similar phases of the menstrual cycle. Overall, there appears to be evidence to suggest that the menstrual cycle has both direct and indirect effects on ANS, cognition, and emotional valence, whilst measures of ANS may provide a means for assessing the effect of the menstrual cycle.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

自主神经系统,认知和情绪价在月经周期的不同阶段-叙述回顾。
月经周期影响所有生物女性的自主神经系统(ANS)、认知和情绪效价。在月经周期的不同阶段,包括月经期、卵泡期、排卵期和黄体期,激素波动、ANS、认知和情绪价之间存在着复杂的关系。因此,本文旨在全面了解月经周期对ANS结构和功能完整性的影响。为了全面了解生理女性的月经周期、激素波动和ANS功能之间的复杂关系,本文对关键参数进行了研究,包括心率变异性(HRV)、压力反射敏感性(BRS)、肌肉交感神经活动(MSNA)、和瞳孔光反射(PLR),研究这些生理系统如何受到激素水平周期性变化的动态影响,以及这些波动如何影响各种生理和心理结果,如情绪、认知和情绪调节。以前已经进行了几项研究,以评估月经周期不同阶段的这些参数。然而,结果是矛盾的;因此,本综述探讨了这些不一致结果背后的可能原因,可能的原因包括月经周期不规律以及不同女性在月经周期相似阶段的激素波动差异。总的来说,似乎有证据表明,月经周期对ANS、认知和情绪效价有直接和间接的影响,而ANS的测量可能为评估月经周期的影响提供了一种手段。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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