Applications of Tissue-Inducing Biomaterials in Nonosseous Tissues: Evidence Map of Animal Studies.

Abstract

Tissue-inducing biomaterials, which promote tissue regeneration without the addition of exogenous cells and/or bioactive factors, have recently attracted increasing interest in the repair of nonosseous tissues. As a key strategy for transforming data into actionable evidence, evidence-based biomaterials research plays a critical role in guiding material development. In this study, evidence mapping method was employed to systematically analyze and visualize animal study designs, material characteristics, outcome indicators, and evaluation methods, aiming to identify current research trends and emerging focal areas. The results revealed a wide diversity of experimental animal species, with a predominance of small animal models. Among the 19 types of nonosseous tissues investigated, skin, abdominal wall, cartilage, and blood vessels were the most frequently studied. Materials were mainly classified into bio-derived materials, polymers, and composites. Outcome indicators span from macroscopic to molecular levels, with tissue-level indicators being the most commonly applied. Histological analysis served as the primary method for validating inductive effects, supported by gross observation, imaging analysis, molecular biology assays, and biomechanical testing. Overall, tissue-inducing biomaterials show promising potential for nonosseous tissue regeneration. However, challenges remain, including limitations of animal models, short follow-up periods, and insufficient evaluation systems. Future studies should strengthen the alignment between functional validation and clinical needs to promote the translation of these materials from experimental research to clinical application.