Contemporary review of middle ear adenomatous neuroendocrine tumors.

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI:10.1097/MOO.0000000000001075

Nael Shoman

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: To review the updated literature on middle ear adenomatous neuroendocrine tumors (MEANTS) and to discuss advances in classification, diagnosis, and management of these tumors.

Recent findings: The WHO updated its classification of head and neck neuroendocrine neoplasms in 2022. We discuss this classification system, and its implications on the diagnosis of these tumors from a histological and molecular perspective. Furthermore, this framework helps with our understanding of their clinical course and hence management.

Summary: In 2022, WHO classified head and neck neuroendocrine neoplasms into well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) (G1-G3, based on mitotic count/Ki67) and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) (small/large cell), based on differentiation, atypia, and marker expression. Aside from histological characteristics, the WHO classification distinguishes NETs (site-specific epigenetic changes) from NECs (TP53/RB1 alterations). Small cell NECs show biallelic TP53/RB1 inactivation; large cell NECs are heterogeneous. Molecular profiling helps differentiate NET G3 from NEC. Recent reviews have shown higher rates of recurrence than previous studies, emphasizing the need for surgical modification based on tumor extent and biology, and for indefinite surveillance.

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中耳腺瘤性神经内分泌肿瘤的研究进展。

综述目的：回顾中耳腺瘤性神经内分泌肿瘤（MEANTS）的最新文献，并讨论这些肿瘤的分类、诊断和治疗进展。最近的发现：世界卫生组织在2022年更新了头颈部神经内分泌肿瘤的分类。我们从组织学和分子的角度讨论这种分类系统及其对这些肿瘤诊断的意义。此外，这个框架有助于我们理解他们的临床过程，从而管理。总结：2022年，WHO根据分化、异型性和标志物表达将头颈部神经内分泌肿瘤分为高分化神经内分泌肿瘤（NET）（G1-G3，基于有丝分裂计数/Ki67）和高级别神经内分泌癌（NEC）（小/大细胞）。除了组织学特征外，WHO分类还将NETs（位点特异性表观遗传改变）与NECs （TP53/RB1改变）区分开来。小细胞NECs显示双等位基因TP53/RB1失活；大细胞nec是异质的。分子分析有助于区分netg3和NEC。最近的评论显示复发率高于以往的研究，强调需要根据肿瘤的范围和生物学进行手术修改，并进行无限期监测。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery is a bimonthly publication offering a unique and wide ranging perspective on the key developments in the field. Each issue features hand-picked review articles from our team of expert editors. With eleven disciplines published across the year – including maxillofacial surgery, head and neck oncology and speech therapy and rehabilitation – every issue also contains annotated references detailing the merits of the most important papers.