Evaluation of the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and microalbuminuria, glycaemic control, lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with microalbuminuria, glycaemia and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Methods: The retrospective, clinical study was conducted at Family Medicine outpatient clinics of Istanbul Bezmialem Vakıf University, Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Turkey, and comprised data between July 1 and December 31, 2019 related to adult type 2 diabetes patients. Data was classified according to vitamin D levels; <20 ng/mL in group 1, and >20 ng/mL in group 2. Microalbuminuria, glycaemia and lipid parameters were compared between the groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 28.

Results: Of the 148 patients with mean age 56.58±9.76 years, 78 (52.7%) were female and 70 (47.3%) were male. The mean vitamin D level was 22.81±17.85 ng/mL, with 76 patients in group 1 and 72 in group 2. The mean level of glycated haemoglobin was 7.57±1.66%. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lymphocyte and urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio as well as glycated haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in group 1 patients than those in group 2 (p<0.05). Vitamin D levels were significantly negatively associated with glycated haemoglobin and total cholesterol (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Lower vitamin D levels were associated with poor glycaemic control, lipid dysregulation, and higher microalbuminuria, suggesting potential roles in glucose metabolism, inflammation and kidney function.