Rest to roam: behavioural adaptations of tigers in anthropogenically altered landscapes.

IF 3.9 1区 生物学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Zehidul Hussain, William Kay, Luca Börger, Pallavi Ghaskadbi, Parag Nigam, Bilal Habib
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Large carnivores in human-dominated landscapes face significant risks from increased anthropogenic pressure, making it crucial to understand their movement behaviour for conservation strategies.

Methods: We used conventional and generalised hidden Markov models (HMMs) to analyse GPS telemetry data collected from 2016 to 2022 on 15 subadult tigers to classify behavioural states across three life stages (pre-dispersal, dispersal, post-dispersal) in the Eastern Vidarbha Landscape, India. We further examined how intrinsic and extrinsic factors influenced transitions between these behavioural states.

Results: Three distinct behavioural states were identified: resting (stationary movement with very short step lengths), area-restricted movement (tortuous movement with short to intermediate step lengths), and travelling (highly directional movement with long step lengths). During the pre-dispersal phase, tigers displayed exploratory movement within their natal range, with significant emphasis on area-restricted movement (42.10%), followed by travelling (30.47%), and resting (27.42%). Travelling peaked at dusk and showed the highest probability of occurrence throughout the night until dawn and exhibited faster movement in areas with high human density. Area-restricted movement was most frequent during the day and peaked between 09:00-11:00 h, while resting showed the highest probability between 22:00-23:00 h. Dispersing tigers allocated their activity budget equally among resting (32.09%), area-restricted movement (35.77%), and travelling (32.14%), as they navigated fragmented landscapes comprising of forests, wildlife corridors, agricultural fields, and human settlements. They exhibited faster, directed movements in low-cover areas and increased step lengths in fragmented, non-forest habitats, with a greater likelihood of travelling at dusk and night. Tigers in the post-dispersal phase had stable home ranges and maintained well-defined territorial boundaries. During area-restricted movement, they exhibited longer step lengths in forest habitats and faster travel speeds in a human‒agricultural matrix. Moreover, they tended to rest at high temperatures and travelled more when the temperatures were between 20 and 30 °C.

Conclusions: Our study provides crucial insights on tiger movements in human-dominated landscapes across different life stages and habitats. Understanding their behavioural patterns and implementing effective conservation efforts can ensure the long-term survival of tigers and their coexistence with humans.

休息漫游:在人为改变的景观中老虎的行为适应。
背景:在人类主导的景观中,大型食肉动物面临着日益增加的人为压力带来的重大风险,因此了解它们的运动行为对于保护策略至关重要。方法:采用常规和广义隐马尔可夫模型(hmm)分析2016年至2022年在印度东部Vidarbha景观收集的15只亚成年老虎的GPS遥测数据,对三个生命阶段(分散前、分散后、分散后)的行为状态进行分类。我们进一步研究了内在和外在因素如何影响这些行为状态之间的转变。结果:确定了三种不同的行为状态:休息(非常短的步长静止运动),区域受限运动(短至中等步长曲折运动)和旅行(长步长高度定向运动)。在扩散前阶段,老虎在其出生范围内表现出探索性运动,以区域限制运动为主(42.10%),其次是旅行(30.47%)和休息(27.42%)。旅行在黄昏达到高峰,在整个夜间至黎明期间出现的可能性最高,在人口密度高的地区表现出更快的移动。散居老虎在由森林、野生动物走廊、农田和人类住区组成的破碎景观中,活动预算平均分配为休息(32.09%)、活动(35.77%)和旅行(32.14%)。它们在低覆盖区域表现出更快、更有方向性的移动,在零碎的、非森林的栖息地表现出更大的步长,更有可能在黄昏和夜间行走。老虎在后扩散阶段有稳定的活动范围,并保持明确的领土边界。在受区域限制的运动中,它们在森林栖息地表现出更长的步长,在人类-农业矩阵中表现出更快的移动速度。此外,它们倾向于在高温下休息,当温度在20至30°C之间时,它们会更多地旅行。结论:我们的研究为人类主导的景观中不同生命阶段和栖息地的老虎运动提供了重要的见解。了解老虎的行为模式和实施有效的保护措施,可以确保老虎的长期生存和与人类共存。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Movement Ecology
Movement Ecology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
4.90%
发文量
47
审稿时长
23 weeks
期刊介绍: Movement Ecology is an open-access interdisciplinary journal publishing novel insights from empirical and theoretical approaches into the ecology of movement of the whole organism - either animals, plants or microorganisms - as the central theme. We welcome manuscripts on any taxa and any movement phenomena (e.g. foraging, dispersal and seasonal migration) addressing important research questions on the patterns, mechanisms, causes and consequences of organismal movement. Manuscripts will be rigorously peer-reviewed to ensure novelty and high quality.
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