Chronic rhinitis associated with Mycobacterium avium infection: A CARE case report.

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q2 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Diseases Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI:10.1016/j.anorl.2025.08.002

J-P Martellosio, L Deroche, M Garcia, F Carsuzaa

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Abstract

Introduction: Nasal infection caused by Mycobacterium avium is rare and is a diagnostic challenge due to the non-specific symptoms and absence of pathognomonic signs.

Case report: We report the case of a 72-year-old patient with chronic rhinitis persisting for 4years and refractory to conventional treatments. ENT examination revealed irregular nasal mucosa with an inflammatory nasopharyngeal polyp. Histological analysis showed epithelioid granuloma, and Ziehl-Neelsen staining highlighted acid-fast bacilli. Mycobacterial culture confirmed M. avium infection. Treatment with rifampin, azithromycin and ethambutol led to significant clinical improvement, with resolution of local inflammation.

Discussion: Nasal infection by M. avium is exceptional, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Diagnosis relies on histological examination and mycobacterial culture. Treatment combines surgical resection of the polypoid tumor and prolonged antibiotic therapy.

Conclusion: M. avium infection should be considered in cases of atypical chronic rhinitis resistant to treatment. Thorough microbiological evaluation is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

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慢性鼻炎与鸟分枝杆菌感染相关：一例CARE病例报告。

由鸟分枝杆菌引起的鼻腔感染是罕见的，由于非特异性症状和缺乏病理体征，是一个诊断挑战。病例报告：我们报告一例72岁的慢性鼻炎患者，持续4年，常规治疗难治。耳鼻喉检查发现鼻黏膜不规则伴炎性鼻咽息肉。组织学分析显示上皮样肉芽肿，Ziehl-Neelsen染色显示抗酸杆菌。分枝杆菌培养证实鸟支原体感染。给予利福平、阿奇霉素和乙胺丁醇治疗，临床效果明显改善，局部炎症消退。讨论：由鸟分枝杆菌引起的鼻腔感染是罕见的，文献中只有少数病例报道。诊断依赖于组织学检查和分枝杆菌培养。治疗方法包括手术切除息肉样瘤和长期抗生素治疗。结论：非典型慢性鼻炎耐药时应考虑鸟支原体感染。全面的微生物学评估是准确诊断和适当管理的必要条件。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Diseases OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY-

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

28.00%

发文量

审稿时长

12 days

期刊介绍： European Annals of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Head and Neck diseases heir of one of the oldest otorhinolaryngology journals in Europe is the official organ of the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL) and the the International Francophone Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SIFORL). Today six annual issues provide original peer reviewed clinical and research articles, epidemiological studies, new methodological clinical approaches and review articles giving most up-to-date insights in all areas of otology, laryngology rhinology, head and neck surgery. The European Annals also publish the SFORL guidelines and recommendations.The journal is a unique two-armed publication: the European Annals (ANORL) is an English language well referenced online journal (e-only) whereas the Annales Françaises d’ORL (AFORL), mail-order paper and online edition in French language are aimed at the French-speaking community. French language teams must submit their articles in French to the AFORL site. Federating journal in its field, the European Annals has an Editorial board of experts with international reputation that allow to make an important contribution to communication on new research data and clinical practice by publishing high-quality articles.