Intergenerational inferences about punishment: Judgments of children of incarcerated parents across development.

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI:10.1037/dev0002060

Emily Gerdin, Devyani Goel, James P Dunlea, Larisa Heiphetz Solomon

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Some scholars argue that punishment communicates information about punished individuals. We extended this theorizing by asking whether laypeople (237 5- to 6-year-olds, 221 7- to 8-year-olds, 220 adults) understand punishment as communicating messages about individuals not directly implicated in punishment-related scenarios and how this understanding might change across development. Three studies asked U.S. 5- to 8-year-olds and adults to indicate the extent to which they believe that adults' incarceration is attributable to their biological relatives. In Study 1, children were more likely than adults to indicate that people grow up to become incarcerated because of an incarcerated biological mother, and these judgments generalized across members of different racial groups. In Study 2, 5- to 6-year-olds, versus 7- to 8-year-olds and adults, more readily predicted that individuals born to an incarcerated mother would have contact with the legal system in the future. Study 3 showed evidence of age-related changes in essentialism using a questionnaire but did not find such evidence in a task that pitted essentialist and nonessentialist explanations against each other, suggesting that 5- to 6-year-olds may view both biological and social factors as important contributors to incarceration. Taken together, these studies highlight the importance of social learning and cognitive development in shaping reasoning about punishment's messages. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

查看原文本刊更多论文

关于惩罚的代际推论：监禁父母的孩子在发展过程中的判断。

一些学者认为，惩罚传达了被惩罚个体的信息。我们通过询问外行人（237名5- 6岁儿童，221名7- 8岁儿童，220名成年人）是否将惩罚理解为不直接涉及惩罚相关场景的个体的交流信息，以及这种理解如何在发展过程中发生变化来扩展这一理论。三项研究要求美国5至8岁的儿童和成年人表明他们认为成年人的监禁在多大程度上归因于他们的血缘关系。在研究1中，儿童比成年人更有可能指出，人们长大后会被监禁是因为有一个被监禁的生母，而这些判断在不同种族群体的成员中是普遍存在的。在研究2中，5到6岁的孩子，与7到8岁的孩子和成年人相比，更容易预测母亲被监禁的孩子将来会接触到法律体系。研究3通过问卷调查显示了与年龄相关的本质主义变化的证据，但在本质主义和非本质主义相互对立的任务中没有发现这样的证据，这表明5到6岁的孩子可能认为生物和社会因素都是监禁的重要因素。综上所述，这些研究强调了社会学习和认知发展在形成关于惩罚信息的推理中的重要性。（PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA，版权所有）。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Developmental Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

2.50%

发文量

329

期刊介绍： Developmental Psychology ® publishes articles that significantly advance knowledge and theory about development across the life span. The journal focuses on seminal empirical contributions. The journal occasionally publishes exceptionally strong scholarly reviews and theoretical or methodological articles. Studies of any aspect of psychological development are appropriate, as are studies of the biological, social, and cultural factors that affect development. The journal welcomes not only laboratory-based experimental studies but studies employing other rigorous methodologies, such as ethnographies, field research, and secondary analyses of large data sets. We especially seek submissions in new areas of inquiry and submissions that will address contradictory findings or controversies in the field as well as the generalizability of extant findings in new populations. Although most articles in this journal address human development, studies of other species are appropriate if they have important implications for human development. Submissions can consist of single manuscripts, proposed sections, or short reports.