The Retinal Complications of C3 Dense Deposit Disease: A Scoping Review.

Abstract

People with C3 Dense Deposit Disease (C3DDD), a rare autoimmune disease, often also have ocular complications. Due to the rarity of this disease, there is little known about ocular complications in populations across the world. This paper aimed to assess literature on retinal complications in people with C3 Dense Deposit Disease. A scoping review was conducted and three databases (Embase, Medline All, and Web of Science) were searched using agreed search terms and Boolean operators. All references were imported into Covidence for screening by two reviewers. Any conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer. Data were extracted into an Excel spreadsheet and analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 29. After full text screening, 38 studies were included in the review. These studies were from 1990-2023 and most (67%) being case reports. All studies were conducted in the United States (55%) or Europe (45%). Most studies reported drusen-like deposits in the retina (75%) and retinal pigment epithelial detachment (18%) and macular atrophy (11%). Choroidal Neovascularisation (CNV) was found in 16% of cases. People with C3 Dense Deposit Disease are at risk of ocular complications, primarily drusen-like deposits. Further population-based research and progression is needed.