Animal Models of Porphyria with Hepatic Involvement.

IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
Oluwashanu Balogun, Kari Nejak-Bowen
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The porphyrias are a group of metabolic disorders that are caused by defects in one of the eight enzymes that synthesize heme. A common feature of all porphyrias is accumulation of porphyrin precursors or porphyrins, which are intermediates of the heme biosynthesis pathway. Approximately 15% of heme biosynthesis occurs in the liver, and excessive hepatic production of porphyrin precursors caused by heme enzyme deficiencies can lead to neurovisceral manifestations. Additionally, in erythropoietic protoporphyria, porphyrins accumulate in the liver, leading to hepatic injury. These rare diseases have few effective medical therapies, and disease mechanisms are not always well understood. Animal models have provided a platform to study the pathophysiology of disease and test emerging therapies. In this review, the last of a three-part series, we describe the animal models that have been generated to study porphyrias with hepatic involvement. For each model, we discuss mechanisms of injury, phenotypic features, and the similarities and contrasts to human porphyria. We also describe preclinical studies that have utilized the model for therapeutic interventions. Overall, animal-based studies have made significant contributions to our understanding of porphyria and may lead to innovative therapies in the future.

卟啉症伴肝脏受累的动物模型。
卟啉症是一组代谢紊乱,是由合成血红素的八种酶之一的缺陷引起的。所有卟啉症的一个共同特征是卟啉前体或卟啉的积累,卟啉是血红素生物合成途径的中间体。大约15%的血红素生物合成发生在肝脏,由血红素酶缺乏引起的卟啉前体的过量肝脏生成可导致神经内脏表现。此外,在红细胞生成性原卟啉症中,卟啉在肝脏中积聚,导致肝损伤。这些罕见疾病几乎没有有效的医学治疗方法,而且疾病机制并不总是很好地理解。动物模型为研究疾病的病理生理学和测试新兴疗法提供了一个平台。在这篇综述中,三部分系列的最后一部分,我们描述了已经产生的动物模型,以研究卟啉症与肝脏受累。对于每种模型,我们讨论了损伤机制、表型特征以及与人类卟啉症的异同。我们还描述了利用该模型进行治疗干预的临床前研究。总的来说,基于动物的研究对我们对卟啉症的理解做出了重大贡献,并可能导致未来的创新疗法。
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来源期刊
Seminars in liver disease
Seminars in liver disease 医学-胃肠肝病学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
2.40%
发文量
38
期刊介绍: Seminars in Liver Disease is a quarterly review journal that publishes issues related to the specialties of hepatology and gastroenterology. As the premiere review journal in the field, Seminars in Liver Disease provides in-depth coverage with articles and issues focusing on topics such as cirrhosis, transplantation, vascular and coagulation disorders, cytokines, hepatitis B & C, Nonalcoholic Steatosis Syndromes (NASH), pediatric liver diseases, hepatic stem cells, porphyrias as well as a myriad of other diseases related to the liver. Attention is also given to the latest developments in drug therapy along with treatment and current management techniques. Seminars in Liver Disease publishes commissioned reviews. Unsolicited reviews of an exceptional nature or original articles presenting remarkable results will be considered, but case reports will not be published.
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