Microbial Modulation of the Gut-Liver Axis in Autoimmune Liver Diseases.

IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
Shihui Wei, Juan Lu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs), including autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis, are chronic inflammatory conditions influenced by complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of the gut microbiota in regulating immune responses beyond the gastrointestinal tract via the gut-liver axis. This review examines the interactions between intestinal microecology and AILDs, with a focus on mechanisms such as bacterial translocation, disruption of the intestinal barrier, and modulation of microbial metabolites. Dysbiosis, involving alterations in both bacterial and fungal communities, has been associated with immune dysregulation and hepatic inflammation. Evidence indicates that short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and microbial products such as lipopolysaccharides influence hepatic immune tolerance and inflammatory signaling pathways. Several diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, including probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and bile acid regulation, have shown potential to slow or alter disease progression. However, the clinical translation of these findings remains limited due to interindividual variability and the complex nature of the gut-liver axis. Continued research is needed to develop precision medicine strategies that can harness intestinal microecology for improved management of AILDs.

自身免疫性肝病中肠-肝轴的微生物调节。
自身免疫性肝病(AILDs),包括自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆道炎和原发性硬化性胆管炎,是一种受遗传、环境和免疫因素复杂相互作用影响的慢性炎症。最近的研究强调了肠道微生物群在通过肠-肝轴调节胃肠道以外的免疫反应中的关键作用。本文综述了肠道微生态与aild之间的相互作用,重点关注细菌易位、肠道屏障破坏和微生物代谢物调节等机制。生态失调,包括细菌和真菌群落的改变,与免疫失调和肝脏炎症有关。有证据表明,短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸和微生物产物如脂多糖影响肝脏免疫耐受和炎症信号通路。一些诊断和治疗方法,包括益生菌、粪便微生物群移植和胆汁酸调节,已经显示出减缓或改变疾病进展的潜力。然而,由于个体间的差异和肠-肝轴的复杂性,这些发现的临床翻译仍然有限。需要继续研究以制定精准医疗策略,利用肠道微生态改善对AILDs的管理。
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来源期刊
Seminars in liver disease
Seminars in liver disease 医学-胃肠肝病学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
2.40%
发文量
38
期刊介绍: Seminars in Liver Disease is a quarterly review journal that publishes issues related to the specialties of hepatology and gastroenterology. As the premiere review journal in the field, Seminars in Liver Disease provides in-depth coverage with articles and issues focusing on topics such as cirrhosis, transplantation, vascular and coagulation disorders, cytokines, hepatitis B & C, Nonalcoholic Steatosis Syndromes (NASH), pediatric liver diseases, hepatic stem cells, porphyrias as well as a myriad of other diseases related to the liver. Attention is also given to the latest developments in drug therapy along with treatment and current management techniques. Seminars in Liver Disease publishes commissioned reviews. Unsolicited reviews of an exceptional nature or original articles presenting remarkable results will be considered, but case reports will not be published.
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