Overcoming mirror anatomy: surgical strategies for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in situs inversus totalis: a case report.

Abstract

Background: Situs inversus totalis is an uncommon congenital condition characterized by the complete reversal of internal organ placements from their usual orientation. This syndrome presents challenges in both diagnostic and surgical care owing to the anatomical reversal, with an incidence rate of around 1 in 5000 to 20,000 infants.

Case presentation: A 50-year-old Asian Sindhi Ayan female patient with well-managed hypertension presented with intermittent cramp-like discomfort in the upper left region of her abdomen, which exacerbated after consuming fatty foods, accompanied by feelings of nausea and vomiting. Diagnostic imaging verified the presence of gallstones as the cause of symptoms, as well as a condition called situs inversus totalis. The individual had a planned surgical procedure called laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The surgical arrangement was changed to accommodate the mirrored anatomy, which included using a four-port approach and adjusting the location of the surgical team. The gallbladder was effectively extracted, and a subhepatic drain was inserted. The procedure had a duration of 65 minutes, and there were no anatomical deviations seen in the bile duct system.

Discussion: The presence of situs inversus totalis makes it more difficult to address abdominal disorders since the organs are not in their usual positions. This example highlights the need of using specialized surgical procedures and comprehensive preoperative preparation to accommodate the inverted anatomy.

Conclusion: Achieving successful laparoscopic surgery in patients with situs inversus totalis requires meticulous preparation and flexible approaches to overcome the specific difficulties posed by the reversed arrangement of organs.