Nutritional status in non-cancer older adults experiencing dry mouth –meta-analysis and systematic review

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI:10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106071

Sanjana Santhosh Kumar , Raquel Cantillo , Xiuhui Xu , Rachel Chacko , Alhanoof Khaled Alarfaj , Waldir Martineli Filho , Abdul Basir Barmak , Szilvia Arany

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

Older adults are at increased risk of nutritional deficiencies due to age-related physiological changes, chronic diseases, medication side effects, socioeconomic factors, and declining oral health. This systematic review examines the association between hyposalivation and nutritional status in non-cancer older adults.

Data

The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025645149). Data were extracted from eligible studies, and quality assessment and bias evaluation were conducted. Using a random effects model, a meta-analysis estimated the pooled prevalence of hyposalivation, xerostomia, and malnutrition.

Sources

A comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Embase was performed from inception to December 2024.

Study selection

Longitudinal, cross-sectional, and case-control studies were included. After screening 774 potential studies, 14 (11 cross-sectional, two case-control, and one longitudinal cohort) met the inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and I² statistics, while publication bias was evaluated with Egger's test and funnel plots.

Conclusions

Thirteen studies reported a significant association between hyposalivation and malnutrition in older adults. All studies highlighted impaired chewing, swallowing difficulties, and reduced taste sensitivity. The pooled prevalence of xerostomia was 38 % (95 % CI: 22–57 %) with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 97 %), while the estimated prevalence of malnutrition was 55 % (95 % CI: 34–74 %). The findings suggested a strong link between hyposalivation and malnutrition in non-cancer older adults. However, variability in study designs underscores the need for standardized diagnostic criteria and longitudinal studies to explore the interplay between salivary function and nutritional health in aging populations.

Clinical significance

This review highlights the association between hyposalivation and malnutrition in non-cancer older adults. Dry mouth impairs oral function, leading to poor nutrient intake and an increased risk of malnutrition. Early detection and management of hyposalivation are crucial to prevent nutritional problems. The variability in prevalence suggests a need for standardized diagnostic tools and further research to understand better nutritional health concerns associated with hyposalivation, as well as to improve patients' overall health and quality of life..

查看原文本刊更多论文

非癌症老年人口干的营养状况：荟萃分析和系统评价。

目的：由于与年龄相关的生理变化、慢性疾病、药物副作用、社会经济因素和口腔健康下降，老年人营养缺乏的风险增加。本系统综述探讨了非癌症老年人的低肝功能与营养状况之间的关系。数据：研究方案已在PROSPERO注册（CRD42025645149）。从符合条件的研究中提取数据，进行质量评价和偏倚评价。使用随机效应模型，荟萃分析估计了通气不足、口干和营养不良的总患病率。资料来源：对PubMed， CINAHL， Web of Science和Embase进行了全面的搜索，从成立到2024年12月。研究选择：包括纵向、横断面和病例对照研究。在筛选了774项潜在研究后，14项（11项横断面研究、2项病例对照研究和1项纵向队列研究）符合纳入标准。异质性采用Cochran’s Q和I²统计量进行评估，发表偏倚采用Egger’s检验和漏斗图进行评估。结论：有13项研究报道了老年人体内营养不良和唾液分泌不足之间的显著关联。所有的研究都强调了咀嚼、吞咽困难和味觉敏感性降低。口干症的总患病率为38% (95% CI: 22-57%)，存在很大的异质性（I² = 97%），而营养不良的估计患病率为55% （95% CI: 34-74%）。研究结果表明，在非癌症老年人中，唾液分泌不足和营养不良之间存在密切联系。然而，研究设计的可变性强调了标准化诊断标准和纵向研究的必要性，以探索老年人唾液功能和营养健康之间的相互作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of dentistry 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

11.40%

发文量

349

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Dentistry has an open access mirror journal The Journal of Dentistry: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. The Journal of Dentistry is the leading international dental journal within the field of Restorative Dentistry. Placing an emphasis on publishing novel and high-quality research papers, the Journal aims to influence the practice of dentistry at clinician, research, industry and policy-maker level on an international basis. Topics covered include the management of dental disease, periodontology, endodontology, operative dentistry, fixed and removable prosthodontics, dental biomaterials science, long-term clinical trials including epidemiology and oral health, technology transfer of new scientific instrumentation or procedures, as well as clinically relevant oral biology and translational research. The Journal of Dentistry will publish original scientific research papers including short communications. It is also interested in publishing review articles and leaders in themed areas which will be linked to new scientific research. Conference proceedings are also welcome and expressions of interest should be communicated to the Editor.