Chethan Kumar K B, Sateesha S B, Ankith N A, Rajamma A J, Durgashree Diwakar, Girija E K, Likhitha C N
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study presents the development of dissolving levonorgestrel-loaded microneedles (LMNs) incorporating a chitosan-β-glycerophosphate thermogelling system for sustained transdermal delivery of levonorgestrel (LNG) as a contraceptive. Polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 and Dextran 40 were included to enhance mechanical strength and controlled drug release. LMNs fabricated using poly dimethyl siloxane moulds exhibited uniform, sharp structures as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infra-red and X-ray diffraction analyses demonstrated chemical compatibility and physical stability of LNG within the matrix. The optimised LMNs showed significant mechanical strength (p < 0.05) and high insertion efficiency (F = 17.83, p = 3.03 × 10-8) across Parafilm® layers and fully dissolved within 30 min in porcine skin. Ex vivo studies revealed sustained LNG release (70.86% ± 0.42%) over 48 h, outperforming a topical gel (42.33% ± 0.91%). Drug release followed first-order kinetics (R2 = 0.996) and non-Fickian diffusion (n = 0.79), indicating a combined diffusion-erosion mechanism. In vivo evaluation in Wistar rats showed significant contraceptive efficacy, with reduced implantation sites (0.5 ± 0.55) and uterine thickness (3.66 ± 0.51 mm; p < 0.0001), comparable to oral LNG. These results highlight LMNs as a promising, minimally invasive platform for long-acting transdermal contraception, offering improved bioavailability, patient compliance and therapeutic effectiveness.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Drug Targeting publishes papers and reviews on all aspects of drug delivery and targeting for molecular and macromolecular drugs including the design and characterization of carrier systems (whether colloidal, protein or polymeric) for both vitro and/or in vivo applications of these drugs.
Papers are not restricted to drugs delivered by way of a carrier, but also include studies on molecular and macromolecular drugs that are designed to target specific cellular or extra-cellular molecules. As such the journal publishes results on the activity, delivery and targeting of therapeutic peptides/proteins and nucleic acids including genes/plasmid DNA, gene silencing nucleic acids (e.g. small interfering (si)RNA, antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, DNAzymes), as well as aptamers, mononucleotides and monoclonal antibodies and their conjugates. The diagnostic application of targeting technologies as well as targeted delivery of diagnostic and imaging agents also fall within the scope of the journal. In addition, papers are sought on self-regulating systems, systems responsive to their environment and to external stimuli and those that can produce programmed, pulsed and otherwise complex delivery patterns.