Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among West African populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

IF 2.8 2区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Infectious Agents and Cancer Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI:10.1186/s13027-025-00659-x

Larwanou Harouna Magagi, Adamou Lagare, Arnol Bowo-Ngandji, Fatimata Hassane, Abdoulaye Zeidou Maiga, Moussa Issa, Alkassoum Ibrahim, Adehossi Eric, Alzouma Maiyaki Zoubeirou

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Several studies have examined HPV prevalence in West Africa, but comprehensive regional estimates remain unavailable. This study estimates the overall prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV in West African populations.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search in Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science, and Africa Index Medicus for articles published up to March 5, 2024. We estimated pooled HPV prevalence using a random-effects model. The Hoy et al. tool assessed the risk of bias, while the I² test measured between-study heterogeneity. Egger's regression test evaluated publication bias. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023463042).

Results: The analysis included 145 studies from 12 West African countries, comprising 71,324 participants. The pooled prevalence of HPV was 42.3% (95% CI: 38.5-46.1%), with significant heterogeneity (I² = 99.0%; P < 0.001). HPV prevalence varied across population subgroups, with a significantly higher pooled prevalence of 81.4% (95% CI: 68.2-91.8%) among women with cervical cancer. Egger's test did not indicate significant publication bias (P > 0.05). Among high-risk HPV genotypes, HPV-16 (19.9%, 95% CI: 15.9-24.1%) and HPV-82 (18.9%, 95% CI: 7.5-33.7%) were the most prevalent. Among low-risk genotypes, HPV-81 was the most common, with a prevalence of 12.9% (95% CI: 7.1-20.0%).

Conclusion: Human papillomavirus prevalence is high in West Africa, with diverse genotypes, including several with oncogenic potential. Targeted health interventions, including vaccination programs and enhanced screening efforts, are recommended to reduce HPV burden in this region.

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西非人群中人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的患病率和基因型分布：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

背景：人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是世界范围内最常见的性传播感染之一。几项研究调查了西非的HPV流行情况，但仍无法获得全面的区域估计。本研究估计了西非人群中HPV的总体患病率和基因型分布。方法：系统检索Medline、Embase、Global Health、Web of Science和Africa Index Medicus数据库中截止到2024年3月5日发表的文章。我们使用随机效应模型估计汇总HPV患病率。Hoy等人的工具评估偏倚风险，而I²检验测量研究间异质性。Egger回归检验评估发表偏倚。该研究已在PROSPERO注册（CRD42023463042）。结果：该分析包括来自12个西非国家的145项研究，包括71324名参与者。HPV合并患病率为42.3% (95% CI: 38.5-46.1%)，异质性显著（I²= 99.0%;P 0.05）。高危HPV基因型中，HPV-16 （19.9%, 95% CI: 15.9-24.1%）和HPV-82 （18.9%, 95% CI: 7.5-33.7%）最为常见。在低风险基因型中，HPV-81最常见，患病率为12.9% （95% CI: 7.1-20.0%）。结论：人乳头瘤病毒在西非的流行率很高，具有多种基因型，包括几种具有致癌潜力的基因型。建议采取有针对性的卫生干预措施，包括疫苗接种规划和加强筛查工作，以减少该地区的HPV负担。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Infectious Agents and Cancer ONCOLOGY-IMMUNOLOGY

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

2.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： Infectious Agents and Cancer is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of basic, clinical, epidemiological and translational research providing an insight into the association between chronic infections and cancer. The journal welcomes submissions in the pathogen-related cancer areas and other related topics, in particular: • HPV and anogenital cancers, as well as head and neck cancers; • EBV and Burkitt lymphoma; • HCV/HBV and hepatocellular carcinoma as well as lymphoproliferative diseases; • HHV8 and Kaposi sarcoma; • HTLV and leukemia; • Cancers in Low- and Middle-income countries. The link between infection and cancer has become well established over the past 50 years, and infection-associated cancer contribute up to 16% of cancers in developed countries and 33% in less developed countries. Preventive vaccines have been developed for only two cancer-causing viruses, highlighting both the opportunity to prevent infection-associated cancers by vaccination and the gaps that remain before vaccines can be developed for other cancer-causing agents. These gaps are due to incomplete understanding of the basic biology, natural history, epidemiology of many of the pathogens that cause cancer, the mechanisms they exploit to cause cancer, and how to interrupt progression to cancer in human populations. Early diagnosis or identification of lesions at high risk of progression represent the current most critical research area of the field supported by recent advances in genomics and proteomics technologies.