The immunological impact of traffic-related air pollution in an Iraqi population; a prospective cross-sectional study.

IF 2 4区医学 Q4 TOXICOLOGY

Inhalation Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-25 DOI:10.1080/08958378.2025.2549544

Salih A Hama, Dunya H Bapir, Hawbash M Rahim, Gasha S Ahmed

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: Iraqi automobiles use some of the poorest quality fuel in the world, characterized by extremely high sulfur content. In this study, we aim to investigate the immunological impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on individuals residing in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Materials and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study (June 2021 and January 2022) assessed the immunological profile of 77 male participants in Sulaymaniyah Governorate who were grouped based on predefined exposure zones; High TRAP Group (n = 46) from urban areas with high exposure to TRAP and Low TRAP Group (n = 31) from rural areas with low exposure. An Aeroqual Series 500 monitor was used to estimate 24-hour arithmetic mean concentrations of PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 in the two exposure zones.

Results and discussion: Age distribution was comparable between the groups. Participants of High TRAP Group had significantly lower total lymphocyte counts (1.09 ± 0.36 vs. 1.90 ± 0.41, p < 0.001), T-cell (601.41 ± 60.02 vs. 799.80 ± 56.04; p < 0.001), B-cell levels (113.05 ± 48.23 vs. 230.68 ± 57.90; p < 0.001), IgG (11.94 ± 2.52 vs. 13.35 ± 2.77; p = 0.024), and IgM levels (0.96 ± 0.40 vs. 1.4 ± 0.66, p < 0.001) compared to Low TRAP Group. No significant differences were found in total WBC, granulocytes, or IgA levels (p > 0.05). The presence of inflammatory diseases (mostly thyroiditis) was significantly more common among the individuals of High TRAP Group (13, 28.26% vs. 3, 9.68%; p = 0.048).

Conclusion: Individuals with high exposure to TRAP are associated with significant reductions in lymphocyte count, IgM and IgG levels.

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伊拉克人口中与交通有关的空气污染的免疫影响；前瞻性横断面研究。

目标：伊拉克汽车使用一些世界上质量最差的燃料，其特点是含硫量极高。在这项研究中，我们的目的是调查交通相关空气污染（TRAP）对居住在伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区的个人的免疫学影响。材料和方法：这项前瞻性横断面研究（2021年6月和2022年1月）评估了苏莱曼尼亚省77名男性参与者的免疫状况，他们根据预先确定的暴露区进行分组；高陷阱组（n = 46）来自高暴露于陷阱的城市地区，低陷阱组（n = 31）来自低暴露于陷阱的农村地区。使用Aeroqual Series 500监测仪估计两个暴露区PM1.0、PM2.5和PM10的24小时算术平均浓度。结果与讨论：组间年龄分布具有可比性。与低TRAP组相比，高TRAP组的参与者淋巴细胞总数（1.09±0.36比1.90±0.41,p 0.001）、t细胞（601.41±60.02比799.80±56.04,p 0.001）、b细胞水平（113.05±48.23比230.68±57.90,p 0.001）、IgG（11.94±2.52比13.35±2.77,p = 0.024）和IgM水平（0.96±0.40比1.4±0.66,p 0.001）显著低于低TRAP组。白细胞总数、粒细胞和IgA水平无显著差异（p < 0.05）。炎症性疾病（主要是甲状腺炎）的存在在高TRAP组个体中更为常见（13.28.26%比3.9.68%;p = 0.048）。结论：高暴露于TRAP的个体与淋巴细胞计数、IgM和IgG水平显著降低有关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Inhalation Toxicology 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

4.80%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Inhalation Toxicology is a peer-reviewed publication providing a key forum for the latest accomplishments and advancements in concepts, approaches, and procedures presently being used to evaluate the health risk associated with airborne chemicals. The journal publishes original research, reviews, symposia, and workshop topics involving the respiratory system’s functions in health and disease, the pathogenesis and mechanism of injury, the extrapolation of animal data to humans, the effects of inhaled substances on extra-pulmonary systems, as well as reliable and innovative models for predicting human disease.