Clinical significance of severe proteinuria in preeclampsia: a multicenter study of maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the association between proteinuria severity and maternal/neonatal outcomes among preeclamptic women with hypertension with proteinuria. We retrospectively assessed 721 women at 11 institutions. All participants had singleton pregnancies and delivered at ≥22 gestational weeks. They were diagnosed with preeclampsia (excluding superimposed preeclampsia) after 20 gestational weeks and had results from a spot urine protein/creatinine ratio test at delivery. The severe proteinuria significantly increased the frequency of preterm delivery in the both women of severe and nonsevere hypertension (72.3% vs. 49.9%, 57.5% vs. 24.8%, p < 0.001, respectively). In the nonsevere hypertension and severe proteinuria group comparison with the severe hypertension and nonsevere proteinuria group, the frequency of women with pulmonary edema/pleural effusion onset was significantly higher (15.0% vs. 5.8%, p = 0.041) and the median serum albumin was significantly lower (2.6 g/dL vs. 2.8 g/dL, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the serum albumin was the laboratory findings with the highest relationship to u-P/C ratio at delivery. Women with preeclampsia with severe hypoalbuminemia had a significant high risk of developing severe proteinuria and pulmonary edema/pleural effusion at delivery than those without severe hypoalbuminemia, respectively. However, severe hypoalbuminemia was not the risk factor for severe hypertension in women with preeclampsia. Women with preeclampsia with severe proteinuria would have worse maternal outcome (pulmonary edema and/or pleural effusion induced by hypoalbuminemia) than those with severe hypertension. In conclusion, obstetricians should be aware of the risk of maternal pulmonary edema/pleural effusion in cases of preeclampsia with nonsevere hypertension with severe proteinuria.