IMPACT OF VITAMIN D METABOLISM DISORDERS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE KIDNEY DISEASES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

Abstract

Introduction: Vitamin D plays a crucial role in immune regulation and renal physiology. It acts as a modulator of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Vitamin D enhances the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, thereby strengthening their phagocytic and chemotactic functions. Its deficiency has been associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune renal diseases; however, the clinical and molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain insufficiently understood.

Aim: This systematic review focused on systemic lupus erythematosus with lupus nephritis (LN), IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). The objective was to identify and synthesize available literature addressing the association between autoimmune kidney diseases and the dysregulation of vitamin D metabolism.

Methods: Studies published between 2020 and 2025 were retrieved from the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The inclusion criteria emphasized investigations assessing vitamin D status and metabolism within the context of autoimmune kidney diseases.

Results: The analysis demonstrated that patients with LN, IgAN, and AAV exhibit a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, with rates frequently exceeding 70 percent. These values serve as descriptive summaries rather than as combined or pooled estimates.