Orbital Fat is an Observation Model to Provide Insights into Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia During White Adipose Tissue Expansion.

IF 3 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Pub Date : 2025-08-20 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.2147/DMSO.S521845

Yu Cheng, Kaili Zhang, Jisong Liu, Guangpeng Liu

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Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is a global health problem characterized by excessive white adipose tissue (WAT) distribution. Adipocyte hypertrophy (increased cell size) and hyperplasia (differentiation into new adipocytes from pre-adipocytes) are two ways for WAT to expand. The precedence of hypertrophy over hyperplasia leads to an enlarged adipocyte size, which is associated with multiple metabolic dysfunctions. Compared with abdominal subcutaneous fat (SF), orbital fat (OF) has smaller adipocytes with less inflammatory infiltration, better vascularization, and higher adipogenic and proliferative capacities, reflecting a healthy metabolic state. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can stabilize energy homeostasis via G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) to alleviate insulin resistance and inflammation.

Methods: We used lipidomics analysis to reveal a greater accumulation of two PUFAs-arachidonic acid (AA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in OF than in SF and then hypothesized that AA/DPA is one factor regulating WAT morphological and biological heterogeneity.

Results: Mechanistically, the existing literature evidence suggests that AA/DPA signals may stimulate the co-activation and interaction of GPR120 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), at least partially contributing to adipose metabolic health.

Conclusion: As the differential metabolites between OF and SF, AA and DPA, along with the relevant GPR120/PPARγ pathways, offer new therapeutic approaches for morbid obesity.

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眼眶脂肪是一种观察模型，提供了对白色脂肪组织扩张过程中脂肪细胞肥大和增生的见解。

肥胖症是一种以白色脂肪组织（WAT）分布过多为特征的全球性健康问题。脂肪细胞肥大（细胞大小增加）和增生（从前脂肪细胞分化为新的脂肪细胞）是WAT扩张的两种方式。肥厚优先于增生导致脂肪细胞大小增大，这与多种代谢功能障碍有关。与腹部皮下脂肪（SF）相比，眼眶脂肪（OF）的脂肪细胞更小，炎症浸润更少，血管化更好，成脂和增殖能力更高，反映出健康的代谢状态。多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）可通过G蛋白偶联受体120 （GPR120）稳定能量稳态，减轻胰岛素抵抗和炎症。方法：通过脂质组学分析发现，花生四烯酸（AA）和二十二碳五烯酸（DPA）两种pufa在of中的积累量大于SF，并推测AA/DPA是调节WAT形态和生物学异质性的因素之一。结果：在机制上，现有文献证据表明，AA/DPA信号可能刺激GPR120和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ (PPARγ)的共激活和相互作用，至少在一定程度上有助于脂肪代谢健康。结论：AA和DPA作为OF与SF之间的差异代谢物，以及相关的GPR120/PPARγ通路，为病态肥胖的治疗提供了新的途径。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Pharmacology

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

6.10%

发文量

431

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： An international, peer-reviewed, open access, online journal. The journal is committed to the rapid publication of the latest laboratory and clinical findings in the fields of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity research. Original research, review, case reports, hypothesis formation, expert opinion and commentaries are all considered for publication.