Impact of systemic resveratrol on non-surgical periodontal treatment of smokers: A 12-month randomized clinical trial.

Abstract

Objective: Smoking patients demonstrate an elevated risk of periodontitis development and respond poorly to periodontal therapy as compared to nonsmokers, and resveratrol (RSV) demonstrated a positive effect in the reduction of periodontitis progression in both animal and clinical trials. However, to the authors' knowledge, no clinical study has assessed the impact of resveratrol under smoking conditions. Thus, this trial aimed to evaluate the effect of systemic administration (SA) of RSV adjunct to full-mouth ultrasonic debridement (FMUD) of periodontitis smoking patients (PSP).

Materials and methods: Thirty-eight individuals were randomly assigned to two groups:Placebo ( n = 19) -FMUD and placebo for 180 days; RSV ( n = 19) FMUD and RSV (500 mg/day) for 180 days. Clinical and immunoinflammatory outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-therapy, and microbiological outcomes were evaluated at baseline, 3-, 6- months post-therapy.

Results: RSV appeared to induce lower PD [2.96 (0.41) - 3 months; 2.85 (0.40) - 6 months; 2.80 (0.35)- 12 months], CAL [4.02 (0.90) - 3 months; 4.04 (0.81) - 6 months; 3.87 (0.78) - 12 months], and PMG [2.20 (0.56) - 3 months; 2.28 (1.14) - 6 months; 2.32 (3.27) - 12 months] readings as compared to Placebo [PD: 3.22 (0.51) - 3 months; 3.07 (0.42) - 6 months; 3.02 (0.42) - 12 months; CAL: 4.43 (0.99) - 3 months; 4.24 ((0.89) - 6 months; 4.39 (0.93) - 12 months; PMG: 2.50 (0.50) - 3 months; 2.53 (0.45) - 6 months; 2.67 (0.46) - 12 months] throughout the time (p < 0.05). The concentration of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) was significantly higher in moderate [2.29 (1.10); 1.61 (1.02) for PL and RSV, respectively] and deep PD [2.39 (1.14); 1.73 (0.90) for PL and RSV respectively] at 3 months for the Placebo group (p < 0.05). Additionally, Aa levels were lower at 6 months in the deep sites for the RSV group (p < 0.05) [1.77 (0.94); 2.23 (1.08) for PL and RSV, respectively]. Immunoinflammatory analysis showed lower levels of IL-1β at 3-month periods in deep sites in the RSV group [92.6 ± 84.2; 35.36 (52.92) for PL and RSV, respectively] and lower concentrations of IL-6 in the RSV group at 3 and 12 months in both moderate [8.11 (9.50); 4.67 (4.20) - 3 months for PL and RSV, respectively; 8.01 ± 3.52; 5.33 (4.14) - 12 months for PL and RSV, respectively]; and deep sites [4.69 (3.06); 3.57 (3.73) - 3 months for PL and RSV, respectively]; 3.50 (2.67); 2.10 (0.89) - 12 months for PL and RSV, respectively] (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: In conclusion, systemic administration of RSV improves clinical results and modulates IL-1β at 3 months, IL-6 at 3- and 6- months, in deep sites of smoking patients when associated with FMUD.

Trial registration: Rebec identifier https//ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR3gt65c.