Urinary microvesicles: a window into the kidney.

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY

Clinical Kidney Journal Pub Date : 2025-06-17 eCollection Date: 2025-07-01 DOI:10.1093/ckj/sfaf189

Luisa Schnobrich, Hayo Castrop

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Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing concern in aging populations. CKD is characterized by two hallmark symptoms: a decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria. Early changes in kidney function are notoriously underdiagnosed, suggesting the need for new noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of CKD. Thus, analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) may broaden the diagnostic options for CKD. EVs are a heterogeneous group of particles, enclosed by a lipid bilayer, which differ in size, biogenesis, and function. EVs can be readily recovered from the urine (urinary EVs, uEVs), where they are derived from various cells of the kidney, bladder, prostate, and utero-vaginal tract. Within the kidney, EVs are released by almost all cell types, including but not limited to podocytes, cells of the proximal and distal tubules, the collecting duct, and the loop of Henle. In addition to specific markers of parental cells, uEVs carry mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins. Thus, analysis of uEVs may provide insights into the content and composition of the specific cells from which they are released, leading to the identification of new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for kidney diseases of different etiologies. This review provides an overview of kidney disease-related changes in uEV size and concentration and covers the potential of uEVs as new biomarkers for various types of kidney disease.

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尿微泡：进入肾脏的窗口。

慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）是老龄化人口日益关注的问题。CKD以两个标志性症状为特征：肾小球滤过率（GFR）下降和蛋白尿。众所周知，肾脏功能的早期变化未被充分诊断，这表明需要新的无创诊断和CKD预后生物标志物。因此，尿细胞外囊泡（uEVs）的分析可以拓宽CKD的诊断选择。电动汽车是一种由脂质双分子层包裹的异质颗粒群，它们在大小、生物起源和功能上各不相同。ev可以很容易地从尿液中回收（尿ev， uev），其中它们来自肾脏，膀胱，前列腺和子宫阴道的各种细胞。在肾脏内，几乎所有类型的细胞都能释放ev，包括但不限于足细胞、近端和远端小管细胞、集管和Henle环。除了亲本细胞的特定标记物外，uev还携带mrna、mirna和蛋白质。因此，对uev的分析可以提供对其释放的特定细胞的含量和组成的见解，从而确定不同病因的肾脏疾病的新的诊断和预后生物标志物。本文综述了与肾脏疾病相关的uEV大小和浓度变化，并涵盖了uEV作为各种类型肾脏疾病的新生物标志物的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical Kidney Journal Medicine-Transplantation

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

10.90%

发文量

242

审稿时长

8 weeks

期刊介绍： About the Journal Clinical Kidney Journal: Clinical and Translational Nephrology (ckj), an official journal of the ERA-EDTA (European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association), is a fully open access, online only journal publishing bimonthly. The journal is an essential educational and training resource integrating clinical, translational and educational research into clinical practice. ckj aims to contribute to a translational research culture among nephrologists and kidney pathologists that helps close the gap between basic researchers and practicing clinicians and promote sorely needed innovation in the Nephrology field. All research articles in this journal have undergone peer review.