Central pressure variability after low-level tragus stimulation in acute decompensated heart failure.

Abstract

Background: Increased variability in central aortic systolic pressure (CASP) and pulse pressure (PP) are predictors of poor cardiovascular disease outcomes. Low-level tragus stimulation (LLTS) is a noninvasive method to reduce sympathetic tone via vagal afferent fibers. It is unknown if LLTS has a favorable effect on elevated variability in CASP and PP in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (HF) (ADHF).

Methods: Patients hospitalized for ADHF after initial stabilization (median 80 yrs, males 60%) were randomly assigned to active or sham group, and LLTS (20Hz, 1mA) was delivered using an ear clip attached to the tragus (active group) or the earlobe (sham group) for 1 hour daily over 5 days. Variability of PP and CASP were measured before and after each stimulation.

Results: Each of SD, CV and δ in PP, CASP and radial augmentation index (rAI), %PP variation (PPV) and PP × heart rate (HR) was significantly decreased after stimulation in the active group (n=8) (all p<0.05), while δ in CASP was significantly increased after stimulation in the sham group (n=8) (p<0.05). All the changes in SD, CV and δ in PP, CASP and rAI, %PPV and PP×HR before and after stimulation were also significantly different between active and sham groups (all p<0.05).

Conclusions: In this proof-of-concept study, LLTS led to a better hemodynamic profile, as evident in variability reduction in PP, CASP and rAI. Further studies are warranted to study the long-term hemodynamic effects of LLTS on HF.