LC-HRMS analysis of ultrashort- and short-chain PFAS on porous graphitic carbon column and study of accumulation in plants

IF 3.8 2区化学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI:10.1007/s00216-025-06080-y

Timur M. Baygildiev, Kirill S. Gutenev, Anastasia E. Karnaeva, Mikhail F. Vokuev, Grigory I. Tsizin

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Abstract

In this study, a robust LC-HRMS (QTOF) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ultrashort- and short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in complex plant matrices using a porous graphitic carbon column. The method enabled sensitive and selective detection of seven PFAS (C2–C10) in 18 min, including trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), which is known to exhibit poor retention on conventional C18 phases. The retention behavior of the analytes was systematically investigated under isocratic and gradient conditions, revealing a non-linear dependence on methanol content. Based on these findings, an optimized gradient elution program was proposed, ensuring excellent separation and peak shape even when injecting methanol-rich plant extracts—one of the advantages of porous graphitic carbon columns. Calibration curves for all analytes demonstrated good linearity (R² > 0.99) over relevant concentration ranges with accuracy within ± 15%. The method showed good recovery (71–103%) and precision (RSD < 7%) in rapeseed and burr medic methanolic extracts. Application to real plant samples exposed to PFAS-contaminated media (10 µg/mL) revealed substantial accumulation of ultrashort-chain PFAS, especially TFA and perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA). These results support the potential of plant-based remediation strategies and highlight the importance of monitoring short- and ultrashort-chain PFAS in environmental and agricultural systems.

Graphical Abstract

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超短链和短链PFAS在多孔石墨碳柱上的LC-HRMS分析及其在植物体内积累的研究。

本研究建立了一种高效液相色谱-液相色谱质谱（QTOF）方法，用于同时测定复杂植物基质中超短链和短链全氟烷基物质（PFAS）。该方法能够在18分钟内灵敏和选择性地检测七种PFAS (C2-C10)，包括三氟乙酸（TFA），已知其在常规C18相上的保留性较差。在等压和梯度条件下系统地研究了分析物的保留行为，揭示了与甲醇含量的非线性依赖关系。基于这些发现，提出了一种优化的梯度洗脱方案，即使在注入富含甲醇的植物提取物时，也能保证良好的分离和峰形，这是多孔石墨碳柱的优点之一。所有分析物的校准曲线在相关浓度范围内具有良好的线性（R2 > 0.99），准确度在±15%以内。该方法具有良好的回收率（71 ~ 103%）和精密度（RSD）

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来源期刊

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

4.70%

发文量

638

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry’s mission is the rapid publication of excellent and high-impact research articles on fundamental and applied topics of analytical and bioanalytical measurement science. Its scope is broad, and ranges from novel measurement platforms and their characterization to multidisciplinary approaches that effectively address important scientific problems. The Editors encourage submissions presenting innovative analytical research in concept, instrumentation, methods, and/or applications, including: mass spectrometry, spectroscopy, and electroanalysis; advanced separations; analytical strategies in “-omics” and imaging, bioanalysis, and sampling; miniaturized devices, medical diagnostics, sensors; analytical characterization of nano- and biomaterials; chemometrics and advanced data analysis.