Disruption and nebulization of lipid vesicles using surface acoustic waves for direct mass spectrometry

IF 5.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS
Lab on a Chip Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI:10.1039/D5LC00692A
Yuqi Huang, Qian Ma, Ashton Taylor, Lucas Lienard, Theresa Evans-Nguyen and Venkat Bhethanabotla
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Characterizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) using mass spectrometry (MS) provides several advantages. The molecular compositions within EVs can be analyzed at very low concentrations and can also distinguish lipids and molecules with similar structures. However, there are some challenges when analyzing EVs directly using MS, mainly due to their variations in size and biological composition, as well as their tendency to form large clusters. Here, we present a novel surface acoustic wave (SAW) sample preparation system capable of simultaneous disruption and nebulization of liposomes as a model for direct EV analysis by MS. This approach provides a mechanical alternative to traditional chemical methods, which minimizes sample preparation time, volume loss, and chemical interference while enhancing ionization efficiency. We study the influence of frequency on SAW nebulization for MS analysis of DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) liposomes as well as liposome mixture. Through high-frequency Rayleigh SAW excitation, we demonstrate improved liposome disruption and enhanced ionization signals during MS analysis when combined with corona discharge ionization. We systematically investigate key parameters of device frequency, input radio frequency (RF) power, nebulization rate, acoustic heating, aerosolized droplet sizes, and surface preparation. The nebulization process was captured by high-speed imaging, which reveals the critical role of surface treatment and jetting dynamics in achieving efficient nebulization at different frequencies. Our findings reveal the frequency-dependent nature of Rayleigh SAW nebulization, highlighting its ability to generate fine, aerosolized particles that enhance MS sampling reliability and ionization efficiency. This work represents a significant advance in MS sample preparation techniques, with broad implications for lipidomics and growing interest in the analysis of biologically relevant vesicles such as EVs.

Abstract Image

利用表面声波直接质谱法对脂质囊泡进行破坏和雾化。
使用质谱(MS)表征细胞外囊泡(ev)具有几个优点。电动汽车内的分子组成可以在非常低的浓度下分析,也可以区分脂质和具有相似结构的分子。然而,在直接使用质谱分析电动汽车时,存在一些挑战,主要是由于它们的大小和生物组成的变化,以及它们形成大簇的趋势。在这里,我们提出了一种新的表面声波(SAW)样品制备系统,该系统能够同时破坏和雾化脂质体,作为ms直接EV分析的模型。这种方法提供了传统化学方法的机械替代方案,可以最大限度地减少样品制备时间、体积损失和化学干扰,同时提高电离效率。我们研究了频率对声呐雾化对DOPC(1,2-二油基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂胆碱)脂质体及其混合物质谱分析的影响。通过高频瑞利声呐激发,我们证明了在与电晕放电电离结合时,质谱分析中脂质体的破坏和电离信号的增强。我们系统地研究了器件频率、输入射频(RF)功率、雾化速率、声加热、雾化液滴尺寸和表面制备等关键参数。高速成像捕捉了雾化过程,揭示了表面处理和喷射动力学在不同频率下实现高效雾化的关键作用。我们的研究结果揭示了瑞利SAW雾化的频率依赖性,强调了其产生精细雾化颗粒的能力,从而提高了MS采样的可靠性和电离效率。这项工作代表了质谱样品制备技术的重大进步,对脂质组学具有广泛的意义,并且对生物相关囊泡(如EVs)的分析越来越感兴趣。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Lab on a Chip
Lab on a Chip 工程技术-化学综合
CiteScore
11.10
自引率
8.20%
发文量
434
审稿时长
2.6 months
期刊介绍: Lab on a Chip is the premiere journal that publishes cutting-edge research in the field of miniaturization. By their very nature, microfluidic/nanofluidic/miniaturized systems are at the intersection of disciplines, spanning fundamental research to high-end application, which is reflected by the broad readership of the journal. Lab on a Chip publishes two types of papers on original research: full-length research papers and communications. Papers should demonstrate innovations, which can come from technical advancements or applications addressing pressing needs in globally important areas. The journal also publishes Comments, Reviews, and Perspectives.
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