Late-Onset Bone Metastasis 46 Years After Initial Surgery for Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report

Abstract

Introduction

Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine-producing tumor with metastatic potential. Recurrence after more than 40 years is exceptionally rare.

Case Presentation

During evaluation for ischemic colitis, a 71-year-old woman was found to have multiple bone metastases, possibly linked to catecholamine excess. She had undergone left adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma at age 25. Bone biopsy confirmed metastatic pheochromocytoma, and immunohistochemical findings were similar to the original tumor. Urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine were markedly elevated. She declined systemic therapy and has remained clinically stable for 6 years, with her blood pressure well controlled on doxazosin.

Conclusion

This case illustrates a recurrence 46 years after adrenalectomy, potentially representing the longest reported interval to date. It highlights the silent and indolent nature of some metastatic pheochromocytomas and underscores the necessity of lifelong follow-up. The patient's stable course also emphasizes the clinical heterogeneity of metastatic pheochromocytoma and supports the need for individualized follow-up and treatment strategies.