Diagnostic Forensic Tools in the Investigation of Electrocution Fatalities: A Case Study

Abstract

Electrocution is a leading cause of occupational fatalities, frequently occurring at voltages typical of household electrical systems (220–250 V). This study presents a comprehensive forensic investigation of a 35-year-old labourer's electrocution death in Dubai. The methodology employed included forensic medico-legal examination, histological analysis, trace evidence analysis and forensic engineering investigation. The site inspection revealed significant safety violations, such as improper electrical connections and a non-functional earthing wire, which contributed to the incident. The apparatus examination classified the demolition hammer used by the victim as Class 0 electrical machinery, lacking adequate insulation and earthing protection. Autopsy findings identified a first-degree electrical burn and generalised visceral congestion, consistent with electrocution. Histopathological analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic skin lesions, while trace evidence analysis using SEM/EDX detected metallization on the deceased's skin, indicating direct contact with the demolition hammer. A novel application of geoscience trace evidence was introduced which suggests a transfer of dust and sediments particles between the deceased's skin and the metal hammer. This case emphasises the critical need for strict commitment to electrical safety standards and demonstrates the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary forensic approach in attributing fatalities to electrocution. The findings highlight the importance of proper safety measures and advanced forensic techniques in preventing and investigating electrocution fatalities.