{"title":"An update on the classification and molecular pathology of the adrenal cortex","authors":"Aria Kazerouni, Runjan Chetty","doi":"10.1016/j.mpdhp.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>New terminology has been introduced for adrenocortical nodular disease. These include: sporadic nodular-, bilateral micronodular-, bilateral macronodular-adrenocortical disease, and bilateral diffuse adrenocortical hyperplasia. Several genes (</span><span><em>PRKAR1A</em></span>, <em>PDE11A/8B</em>) are implicated in the pathogenesis and they principally impact the c-AMP pathway.</div><div><span>Similarly, aldosterone-producing adenomas are classified according to the HISTALDO classification into: aldosterone-producing: adenoma >1 cm, nodule <1 cm, nodule <1 cm and usually mm in size, and carcinoma. The key genes in aldosterone-producing adenomas are: </span><span><em>KCNJ5</em></span>, <em>ATP1A1</em>, <span><em>CACNA1D</em></span> and <span><em>CTNNB1</em></span>. Cortisol-producing adenomas are principally caused by mutations in <em>PRKACA</em>, <em>GNAS</em> and <em>CTNNB1</em> genes. <em>P53</em> and <em>CTNNB1</em><span> are the key genes that are mutated in most adrenocortical carcinomas.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39961,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Histopathology","volume":"31 9","pages":"Pages 518-520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Diagnostic Histopathology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756231725001082","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
New terminology has been introduced for adrenocortical nodular disease. These include: sporadic nodular-, bilateral micronodular-, bilateral macronodular-adrenocortical disease, and bilateral diffuse adrenocortical hyperplasia. Several genes (PRKAR1A, PDE11A/8B) are implicated in the pathogenesis and they principally impact the c-AMP pathway.
Similarly, aldosterone-producing adenomas are classified according to the HISTALDO classification into: aldosterone-producing: adenoma >1 cm, nodule <1 cm, nodule <1 cm and usually mm in size, and carcinoma. The key genes in aldosterone-producing adenomas are: KCNJ5, ATP1A1, CACNA1D and CTNNB1. Cortisol-producing adenomas are principally caused by mutations in PRKACA, GNAS and CTNNB1 genes. P53 and CTNNB1 are the key genes that are mutated in most adrenocortical carcinomas.
期刊介绍:
This monthly review journal aims to provide the practising diagnostic pathologist and trainee pathologist with up-to-date reviews on histopathology and cytology and related technical advances. Each issue contains invited articles on a variety of topics from experts in the field and includes a mini-symposium exploring one subject in greater depth. Articles consist of system-based, disease-based reviews and advances in technology. They update the readers on day-to-day diagnostic work and keep them informed of important new developments. An additional feature is the short section devoted to hypotheses; these have been refereed. There is also a correspondence section.