Effects of norfluoxetine on mRNA expression levels, cellular defense mechanisms and histopathological alterations in the bivalve Mytilus trossulus (Mytilidae)

IF 4.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107558

Justyna Świeżak , Anna Hallmann , Aleksandra Czumaj , Kinga Hoszek-Mandera , Maja Zamencka , Katarzyna Smolarz

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Norfluoxetine (NFLU) belongs to the most commonly found antidepressants in the aquatic environments worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the multi-level biological response in the gills and digestive system of Mytilus trossulus exposed to 500 ng/L NFLU over six days. In mussels exposed to NFLU, catalase activity was significantly lower (3.87 ± 0.6 versus 6.86 ± 0.29 U/mg protein), while glutathione S-transferase activity significantly higher (173.01 ± 11.26 versus 152.12 ± 13.82 nmol/min/mg protein) as compared to control mussels. Aromatization efficiency, which is related to steroid metabolism, was higher in NFLU exposed mussels as compared to the control (12.88 ± 0.99 and 7.98 ± 0.92 pmol/h/mg protein, respectively). In the haemolymph of exposed mussels serotonin level decreased from 3.1 ± 1.5 ng/L (control) to 1.7 ± 0.6 ng/L. The expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the detoxification and inflammatory processes also differed. In the digestive system of exposed bivalves, CYP1L1 and CYP3AL1 genes were upregulated while PGY1 gene was downregulated. In the gills of NFLU-treated mussels the expression of CYP3AL1, CYP1L1, GSTϛ3, ATPase, MVP and 5-HTR genes were downregulated while PGY1 gene was upregulated. On the tissue level, the presence of progressive (inflammations, necrosis) and regressive (oedema, atrophy, degenerations) changes were found in gills and digestive system of exposed mussels. ATPase-driven imbalance in the osmotic regulation in the gills after exposure to NFLU may stimulate arise of gill lesions. Our results provide evidence for NFLU neuroendocrine modulating capacity as indicated by increased aromatization activity and changes in the serotonin signaling pathway.

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去甲氟西汀对双壳贻贝mRNA表达水平、细胞防御机制及组织病理学改变的影响

去氟西汀（NFLU）是世界范围内水生环境中最常见的抗抑郁药。本研究的目的是评估Mytilus trossulus暴露于500 ng/L NFLU超过6天的鳃和消化系统的多层次生物反应。与对照组相比，暴露于NFLU的贻贝过氧化氢酶活性显著降低（3.87±0.6比6.86±0.29 U/mg蛋白），而谷胱甘肽s -转移酶活性显著升高（173.01±11.26比152.12±13.82 nmol/min/mg蛋白）。与对照相比，NFLU暴露贻贝的芳香化效率（与类固醇代谢有关）更高（分别为12.88±0.99和7.98±0.92 pmol/h/mg蛋白质）。暴露贻贝血淋巴血清素水平从3.1±1.5 ng/L（对照组）下降到1.7±0.6 ng/L。参与解毒和炎症过程的编码蛋白的基因表达也不同。在暴露的双壳类动物的消化系统中，CYP1L1和CYP3AL1基因上调，而PGY1基因下调。在nflud处理的贻贝鳃中，CYP3AL1、CYP1L1、GSTϛ3、ATPase、MVP和5-HTR基因表达下调，PGY1基因表达上调。在组织水平上，暴露贻贝的鳃和消化系统存在进行性（炎症、坏死）和退行性（水肿、萎缩、变性）变化。暴露于NFLU后，atpase驱动的鳃渗透调节失衡可能刺激鳃病变的产生。我们的研究结果为NFLU神经内分泌调节能力提供了证据，表明其芳香化活性增加和血清素信号通路的变化。

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来源期刊

Aquatic Toxicology 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

4.40%

发文量

250

审稿时长

56 days

期刊介绍： Aquatic Toxicology publishes significant contributions that increase the understanding of the impact of harmful substances (including natural and synthetic chemicals) on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. Aquatic Toxicology considers both laboratory and field studies with a focus on marine/ freshwater environments. We strive to attract high quality original scientific papers, critical reviews and expert opinion papers in the following areas: Effects of harmful substances on molecular, cellular, sub-organismal, organismal, population, community, and ecosystem level; Toxic Mechanisms; Genetic disturbances, transgenerational effects, behavioral and adaptive responses; Impacts of harmful substances on structure, function of and services provided by aquatic ecosystems; Mixture toxicity assessment; Statistical approaches to predict exposure to and hazards of contaminants The journal also considers manuscripts in other areas, such as the development of innovative concepts, approaches, and methodologies, which promote the wider application of toxicological datasets to the protection of aquatic environments and inform ecological risk assessments and decision making by relevant authorities.