Fine needle aspiration cytology of epithelioid sarcoma: A case series with histopathological correlation and literature review

Abstract

Introduction

Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is an uncommon malignant mesenchymal tumour that occurs in young adults and adolescents. Few documented series have elucidated the cytopathological features and immunostaining results of epithelioid sarcoma. Here, we present one of the largest series documenting 15 cases of ES.

Method

Archives of cytology and histopathology have been searched for data on epithelioid sarcoma from the past 10 years. Only cases with histopathological records and immunohistochemistry follow-up have been included.

Result

Out of the 27 cases of ES in our database, 15 had both cytology and corresponding histopathology. Of these 15 cases, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) was indicated for primary diagnosis in 4 cases, for recurrent settings in 5 cases, and metastatic settings in 6 cases. Immunohistochemistry was correlated wherever available. In 8 cases, retrospective immunohistochemistry was performed for confirmation of epithelioid sarcoma.

Conclusion

FNAC is a valuable tool in the recurrent and metastatic settings of epithelioid sarcoma. However, for primary diagnosis, it is helpful but not diagnostic, as various morphologies can be observed and several differential diagnoses must be taken into account.