Grain refinement and crack suppression of fusion-repaired tungsten via electron beam oscillation

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107410

Ziyang Yu , Wanjing Wang , Peisong Du , Huaqi Xu , Jichao Wang , Qiaoling Wang , Zhenyu Dai , Yuping Xu , Haishan Zhou , Guangnan Luo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Tungsten (W) is an important plasma-facing material (PFM) and has been widely used in multiple fusion devices. Some structural damage often occurs on the surface of tungsten materials during service. However, its reliable repair is impeded by its inherent high melting point and recrystallization brittleness. The detrimental microstructural coarsening and cracking are observed during conventional fusion-based repair. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel repair strategy employing an oscillating electron beam. Systematic optimization of the oscillation mode and speed enabled effective modulation of the molten pool's solidification behavior, transforming the detrimental coarse columnar grains into a uniform, fine-grained equiaxed microstructure. The optimized process successfully produced a crack-free repair of a 1-mm-deep simulated defect on a pure tungsten plate. This work validates a processing strategy and provides a foundational mechanistic understanding for the defect-free fusion repair of tungsten and other high-performance refractory metals.

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电子束振荡对熔焊修复钨晶粒细化和裂纹抑制的影响

钨(W)是一种重要的等离子体表面材料（PFM），广泛应用于多种聚变装置。钨材料在使用过程中，表面经常发生一些结构损伤。然而，其固有的高熔点和再结晶脆性阻碍了其可靠的修复。在传统的熔接修复过程中，观察到有害的显微组织粗化和开裂。为了解决这些挑战，本研究引入了一种采用振荡电子束的新型修复策略。系统地优化振荡模式和速度可以有效地调节熔池的凝固行为，将有害的粗柱状晶粒转变为均匀的细晶等轴组织。优化后的工艺成功地修复了纯钨板上1 mm深的模拟缺陷。这项工作验证了一种加工策略，并为钨和其他高性能难熔金属的无缺陷熔焊修复提供了基本的机制理解。

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来源期刊

$International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials$

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

13.90%

发文量

236

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials (IJRMHM) publishes original research articles concerned with all aspects of refractory metals and hard materials. Refractory metals are defined as metals with melting points higher than 1800 °C. These are tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, tantalum, niobium, hafnium, and rhenium, as well as many compounds and alloys based thereupon. Hard materials that are included in the scope of this journal are defined as materials with hardness values higher than 1000 kg/mm2, primarily intended for applications as manufacturing tools or wear resistant components in mechanical systems. Thus they encompass carbides, nitrides and borides of metals, and related compounds. A special focus of this journal is put on the family of hardmetals, which is also known as cemented tungsten carbide, and cermets which are based on titanium carbide and carbonitrides with or without a metal binder. Ceramics and superhard materials including diamond and cubic boron nitride may also be accepted provided the subject material is presented as hard materials as defined above.