{"title":"Net emission of atmospheric volatile organic compounds from ponds in a peatland forest","authors":"Yinghuan Qin, Kajsa Emilia Roslund, Amy Samantha Smart, Jesper Riis Christiansen, Riikka Rinnan","doi":"10.1002/lno.70202","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The role of small water bodies in global carbon emissions is increasingly acknowledged. In addition to the well‐investigated greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) and methane, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be emitted from freshwater ecosystems, especially from small water bodies, but the composition of emitted VOCs and emission magnitudes remain largely undescribed. Referring to empirical great contributors of freshwater greenhouse gases, we assessed seasonal VOC emissions from three carbon and nutrient‐rich ponds in a peatland forest in Denmark. These ponds were CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emitters throughout the sampling period (19.5 ± 67.7 to 396.8 ± 120.0 mg m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>). The total net fluxes of > C5 VOCs measured in situ ranged from 7.8 ± 1.4 to 95.3 ± 4.5 <jats:italic>μ</jats:italic>g m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and over one hundred compounds were detected. The emissions consisted mainly of hydrocarbons, oxygenated VOCs, and terpenoids (isoprene, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids). We found the in situ VOC fluxes and compositions varied with season and were positively correlated with chamber temperature. These fluxes also differed between ponds and were related to the chemical properties of pond water. Additionally, we observed emissions of significant and various lighter VOCs (< C5) and sulfur/nitrogen‐containing compounds in complementary lab measurements and demonstrated again the temperature dependence and pond‐to‐pond heterogeneity of VOC emissions. Overall, our findings indicate natural eutrophic ponds are net VOC sources. The significance of these emissions for carbon budgets and atmospheric impact requires future research.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Limnology and Oceanography","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70202","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"LIMNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The role of small water bodies in global carbon emissions is increasingly acknowledged. In addition to the well‐investigated greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be emitted from freshwater ecosystems, especially from small water bodies, but the composition of emitted VOCs and emission magnitudes remain largely undescribed. Referring to empirical great contributors of freshwater greenhouse gases, we assessed seasonal VOC emissions from three carbon and nutrient‐rich ponds in a peatland forest in Denmark. These ponds were CO2 emitters throughout the sampling period (19.5 ± 67.7 to 396.8 ± 120.0 mg m−2 h−1). The total net fluxes of > C5 VOCs measured in situ ranged from 7.8 ± 1.4 to 95.3 ± 4.5 μg m−2 h−1 and over one hundred compounds were detected. The emissions consisted mainly of hydrocarbons, oxygenated VOCs, and terpenoids (isoprene, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids). We found the in situ VOC fluxes and compositions varied with season and were positively correlated with chamber temperature. These fluxes also differed between ponds and were related to the chemical properties of pond water. Additionally, we observed emissions of significant and various lighter VOCs (< C5) and sulfur/nitrogen‐containing compounds in complementary lab measurements and demonstrated again the temperature dependence and pond‐to‐pond heterogeneity of VOC emissions. Overall, our findings indicate natural eutrophic ponds are net VOC sources. The significance of these emissions for carbon budgets and atmospheric impact requires future research.
期刊介绍:
Limnology and Oceanography (L&O; print ISSN 0024-3590, online ISSN 1939-5590) publishes original articles, including scholarly reviews, about all aspects of limnology and oceanography. The journal''s unifying theme is the understanding of aquatic systems. Submissions are judged on the originality of their data, interpretations, and ideas, and on the degree to which they can be generalized beyond the particular aquatic system examined. Laboratory and modeling studies must demonstrate relevance to field environments; typically this means that they are bolstered by substantial "real-world" data. Few purely theoretical or purely empirical papers are accepted for review.