Recent Advances in Upconversion Nanoparticles for Therapeutics: From Fundamentals to Cutting-Edge Applications

Electron Pub Date : 2025-08-17 DOI:10.1002/elt2.70012

Jinghan Zhang, Jiarui Du, Song Jia, Yang Li, Hans Ågren, Paras N. Prasad, Guanying Chen

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Abstract

Optically responsive composite materials hold significant promise for in vivo diagnostics and targeted therapies. Rare-earth-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), renowned for their unique luminescence properties, large anti-Stokes shift, excellent biocompatibility, and deep tissue penetration, have emerged as highly promising candidates for advanced phototherapy in biological systems. This review first explores the fundamental mechanisms of upconversion luminescence, as well as synthesis, surface modification, and design strategies to brighten upconversion. It then highlights recent advances and key applications of UCNPs in biological therapy, including upconversion-mediated phototherapy, multimodal therapeutic approaches, and image-guided therapy and surgery. Finally, it discusses the current challenges and opportunities in both fundamental research and clinical translation, providing theoretical insights and practical guidance to support the broader application of UCNPs in biological therapy and clinical medicine.

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上转化纳米颗粒治疗的最新进展：从基础到前沿应用

光响应复合材料在体内诊断和靶向治疗方面具有重要的前景。稀土掺杂上转换纳米粒子（UCNPs）以其独特的发光特性、大的抗斯托克斯位移、优异的生物相容性和深层组织穿透性而闻名，已成为生物系统中先进光疗的极有希望的候选者。本文首先探讨了上转换发光的基本机理，以及上转换发光的合成、表面改性和设计策略。然后重点介绍了UCNPs在生物治疗中的最新进展和关键应用，包括上转换介导的光疗、多模式治疗方法、图像引导治疗和手术。最后，讨论了目前在基础研究和临床转化方面面临的挑战和机遇，为支持UCNPs在生物治疗和临床医学中的广泛应用提供了理论见解和实践指导。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Electron

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