Eva Manuela Pena-Burgos, Pilar López-Ferrer, Jose Juan Pozo-Kreilinger, Ana Margarita Rodríguez-García
{"title":"Cytomorphological Features of Fine Needle Aspiration in 11 Conventional and 2 Dedifferentiated Chordomas: Correlation With Histopathology","authors":"Eva Manuela Pena-Burgos, Pilar López-Ferrer, Jose Juan Pozo-Kreilinger, Ana Margarita Rodríguez-García","doi":"10.1002/dc.70000","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>Chordoma is a rare malignant tumor of notochordal origin with well-established histologic features and typically distinctive cytomorphology. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) can offer a valuable diagnostic tool in deep-seated or challenging lesions. However, distinguishing conventional and dedifferentiated chordomas based on cytological features remains difficult and poorly documented.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Thirteen FNA samples from 10 patients with histologically confirmed chordoma (11 conventional and 2 dedifferentiated), retrieved from the pathology files of a tertiary referral hospital between 1966 and 2022, were retrospectively reviewed. Cytomorphological features were analyzed and correlated with histological subtype and immunohistochemical profile.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>All cases showed physaliphorous cells embedded in a myxoid matrix, with varying proportions of single cells and clusters. Prominent nucleoli, binucleation, and nuclear pseudoinclusions were frequently observed. Cytologic atypia and pleomorphism were notable in the dedifferentiated cases but also present, to a lesser extent, in some conventional chordomas. No definitive cytological features of sarcomatous transformation were identified in the smears of dedifferentiated chordoma. Immunohistochemistry supported the diagnosis in selected cases, with positivity for brachyury, cytokeratins, EMA, and negativity for S100 in the physaliphorous cells. Brachyury loss in dedifferentiated areas complicates diagnosis, underscoring the need for conventional component identification.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>Chordoma shows distinctive yet variable cytomorphological features that can allow for a reliable diagnosis in FNA samples. Clinical and radiological correlation is essential to guide sampling, especially in the dedifferentiated cases, and avoid misinterpretation. Some cytological features typically associated with dedifferentiation may be present in conventional chordomas, underscoring the importance of cautious interpretation and histological confirmation.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":"53 10","pages":"E194-E198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dc.70000","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background
Chordoma is a rare malignant tumor of notochordal origin with well-established histologic features and typically distinctive cytomorphology. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) can offer a valuable diagnostic tool in deep-seated or challenging lesions. However, distinguishing conventional and dedifferentiated chordomas based on cytological features remains difficult and poorly documented.
Methods
Thirteen FNA samples from 10 patients with histologically confirmed chordoma (11 conventional and 2 dedifferentiated), retrieved from the pathology files of a tertiary referral hospital between 1966 and 2022, were retrospectively reviewed. Cytomorphological features were analyzed and correlated with histological subtype and immunohistochemical profile.
Results
All cases showed physaliphorous cells embedded in a myxoid matrix, with varying proportions of single cells and clusters. Prominent nucleoli, binucleation, and nuclear pseudoinclusions were frequently observed. Cytologic atypia and pleomorphism were notable in the dedifferentiated cases but also present, to a lesser extent, in some conventional chordomas. No definitive cytological features of sarcomatous transformation were identified in the smears of dedifferentiated chordoma. Immunohistochemistry supported the diagnosis in selected cases, with positivity for brachyury, cytokeratins, EMA, and negativity for S100 in the physaliphorous cells. Brachyury loss in dedifferentiated areas complicates diagnosis, underscoring the need for conventional component identification.
Conclusion
Chordoma shows distinctive yet variable cytomorphological features that can allow for a reliable diagnosis in FNA samples. Clinical and radiological correlation is essential to guide sampling, especially in the dedifferentiated cases, and avoid misinterpretation. Some cytological features typically associated with dedifferentiation may be present in conventional chordomas, underscoring the importance of cautious interpretation and histological confirmation.
期刊介绍:
Diagnostic Cytopathology is intended to provide a forum for the exchange of information in the field of cytopathology, with special emphasis on the practical, clinical aspects of the discipline. The editors invite original scientific articles, as well as special review articles, feature articles, and letters to the editor, from laboratory professionals engaged in the practice of cytopathology. Manuscripts are accepted for publication on the basis of scientific merit, practical significance, and suitability for publication in a journal dedicated to this discipline. Original articles can be considered only with the understanding that they have never been published before and that they have not been submitted for simultaneous review to another publication.