Structural and magnetic properties of Sm³-doped Mg-Cd nanoferrites by citrate gel-auto combustion technique

IF 3.2 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI:10.1007/s10971-025-06867-6

S. Venu, N. V. Krishna Prasad, T. Ramesh Reddy, N. Hari kumar, K. Chandrababu Naidu, G. Vinod, D. Ravinder

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Abstract

Sm³ ion-doped Mg-Cd nanoferrites chemical formula Mg _0.8Cd _0.2Sm _xFe_2-xO₄ (MCSF), where x varies from 0.000 to 0.025 in increments of 0.005. The synthesis of materials using the Citrate Gel-Auto Combustion (CGAC) technique. Powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) analysis indicated that the crystalline size and lattice constant increase with a higher concentration of Sm³⁺ ions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed that the particle size ranged from 13.6 to 26.6 nm. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) studies showed that the grain size increased from 19.4 to 46.6 nm. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) confirmed the presence of magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), samarium (Sm), iron (Fe), and oxygen (O) in the samples, with no detectable impurities. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra confirmed the presence of the cubic spinel structure and identified various functional groups, including two stretching bonds of metal nitrates. Magnetic analysis using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) demonstrated hysteresis at 300 K, indicating that the synthesized samples exhibited ferromagnetic behavior. The squareness ratio varied from 0.100 to 0.211, along with a coercivity range from 66.44 to 106.99 Oe. These materials have potential applications in magnetic recording devices and magnetic sensors.

Graphical Abstract

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柠檬酸凝胶-自燃烧法制备Sm³掺杂Mg-Cd纳米铁氧体的结构和磁性能

Sm³掺杂Mg- cd纳米铁氧体化学式Mg 0.8Cd 0.2Sm xFe2-xO4 (MCSF)，其中x变化范围为0.000 ~ 0.025，增量为0.005。采用柠檬酸凝胶-自动燃烧（CGAC）技术合成材料。粉末x射线衍射（P-XRD）分析表明，Sm³⁺的浓度越高，晶体尺寸和晶格常数越高。高分辨率透射电镜（HR-TEM）显示，颗粒尺寸在13.6 ~ 26.6 nm之间。场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）研究表明，晶粒尺寸从19.4 nm增加到46.6 nm。能量色散x射线分析（EDAX）证实了样品中镁（Mg）、镉（Cd）、钐（Sm）、铁（Fe）和氧(O)的存在，没有检测到杂质。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）证实了立方尖晶石结构的存在，并鉴定出各种官能团，包括两个金属硝酸盐的拉伸键。用振动样品磁强计（VSM）进行磁性分析，发现在300 K时存在磁滞，表明合成的样品具有铁磁性。垂直比为0.100 ~ 0.211，矫顽力为66.44 ~ 106.99 Oe。这些材料在磁记录装置和磁传感器中具有潜在的应用前景。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

4.00%

发文量

280

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： The primary objective of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (JSST), the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society, is to provide an international forum for the dissemination of scientific, technological, and general knowledge about materials processed by chemical nanotechnologies known as the "sol-gel" process. The materials of interest include gels, gel-derived glasses, ceramics in form of nano- and micro-powders, bulk, fibres, thin films and coatings as well as more recent materials such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials and composites. Such materials exhibit a wide range of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical, environmental, and biomedical properties and functionalities. Methods for producing sol-gel-derived materials and the industrial uses of these materials are also of great interest.