Movement of bimetallic motors under chemical magnetism force

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI:10.1016/j.sna.2025.117019

Boris Kichatov , Vladimir Sudakov , Alexey Korshunov

{"title":"Movement of bimetallic motors under chemical magnetism force","authors":"Boris Kichatov , Vladimir Sudakov , Alexey Korshunov","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117019","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motors are devices that are capable of converting various forms of energy into kinetic energy of their motion. Surface forces can play an important role in the movement of motors. One type of surface force is the force of chemical magnetism. If a loop with current occurs during redox reactions on the surface of a bimetallic swimmer, then a force acts on it in a non-uniform magnetic field. The nature of this force is in no way related to the magnetic properties of the material from which the swimmer is made but is determined by the action of the Lorentz force on moving charges in a magnetic field. Here we demonstrate various methods for controlling the speed and orientation of bimetallic swimmers that move under chemical magnetism force. The results of the study show that depending on the mutual direction of the magnetic force and the force of chemical magnetism chemical reactions can contribute to both acceleration and deceleration of the swimmer in a non-uniform magnetic field. By changing the concentration and type of electrolyte, the type of metals from which the swimmer is made, and the pH of the solution, it is possible to control the orientation and speed of the swimmer. These results open up new possibilities for the direct conversion of the chemical energy of the “fuel” into the kinetic energy of moving motors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 117019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424725008258","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Motors are devices that are capable of converting various forms of energy into kinetic energy of their motion. Surface forces can play an important role in the movement of motors. One type of surface force is the force of chemical magnetism. If a loop with current occurs during redox reactions on the surface of a bimetallic swimmer, then a force acts on it in a non-uniform magnetic field. The nature of this force is in no way related to the magnetic properties of the material from which the swimmer is made but is determined by the action of the Lorentz force on moving charges in a magnetic field. Here we demonstrate various methods for controlling the speed and orientation of bimetallic swimmers that move under chemical magnetism force. The results of the study show that depending on the mutual direction of the magnetic force and the force of chemical magnetism chemical reactions can contribute to both acceleration and deceleration of the swimmer in a non-uniform magnetic field. By changing the concentration and type of electrolyte, the type of metals from which the swimmer is made, and the pH of the solution, it is possible to control the orientation and speed of the swimmer. These results open up new possibilities for the direct conversion of the chemical energy of the “fuel” into the kinetic energy of moving motors.

查看原文本刊更多论文

化学磁力作用下双金属马达的运动

电动机是一种能够将各种形式的能量转化为运动动能的装置。表面力在马达的运动中起着重要作用。一种表面力是化学磁力。如果在双金属游泳器表面的氧化还原反应中出现电流环，则在非均匀磁场中对其施加力。这种力的性质与制造游泳者的材料的磁性无关，而是由洛伦兹力对磁场中运动电荷的作用决定的。在这里，我们展示了控制双金属游泳者在化学磁力作用下运动的速度和方向的各种方法。研究结果表明，在非均匀磁场中，依赖于磁力和化学磁力的相互方向，化学反应可以促进游泳者的加速和减速。通过改变电解质的浓度和类型、制造“游泳者”的金属类型以及溶液的pH值，就有可能控制“游泳者”的方向和速度。这些结果为将“燃料”的化学能直接转化为运动马达的动能开辟了新的可能性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Sensors and Actuators A-physical 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

6.50%

发文量

630

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Sensors and Actuators A: Physical brings together multidisciplinary interests in one journal entirely devoted to disseminating information on all aspects of research and development of solid-state devices for transducing physical signals. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical regularly publishes original papers, letters to the Editors and from time to time invited review articles within the following device areas: • Fundamentals and Physics, such as: classification of effects, physical effects, measurement theory, modelling of sensors, measurement standards, measurement errors, units and constants, time and frequency measurement. Modeling papers should bring new modeling techniques to the field and be supported by experimental results. • Materials and their Processing, such as: piezoelectric materials, polymers, metal oxides, III-V and II-VI semiconductors, thick and thin films, optical glass fibres, amorphous, polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon. • Optoelectronic sensors, such as: photovoltaic diodes, photoconductors, photodiodes, phototransistors, positron-sensitive photodetectors, optoisolators, photodiode arrays, charge-coupled devices, light-emitting diodes, injection lasers and liquid-crystal displays. • Mechanical sensors, such as: metallic, thin-film and semiconductor strain gauges, diffused silicon pressure sensors, silicon accelerometers, solid-state displacement transducers, piezo junction devices, piezoelectric field-effect transducers (PiFETs), tunnel-diode strain sensors, surface acoustic wave devices, silicon micromechanical switches, solid-state flow meters and electronic flow controllers. Etc...