Changes in HIV knowledge and its determinants in low- and middle-income countries: A longitudinal study

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105940

Akane Takamatsu , Yohei Ono

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

HIV remains a significant public health threat in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study assessed changes in HIV knowledge and attitudes over time in LMICs.

Study design

Longitudinal study.

Methods

The study was conducted using the Demographic and Health Survey data from 2000 to 2022, including 42 countries with multiple surveys. The correctness of six HIV knowledge items and discriminatory attitudes was assessed. Mixed-effects linear regression assessed factors associated with HIV knowledge.

Results

The study included 4,798,458 participants (median age: 29 years, 23.5 % male). Discriminatory attitudes were reported by 44.4 %. Mixed-effects linear regression showed that higher education, literacy, and wealth index were associated with better knowledge in HIV (p < 0.05). While survey year showed a positive association with HIV knowledge (condom use: β 0.50, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.15 to 0.85; mosquito bites: β 1.22, 95 % CI 0.85 to 1.58; sharing food: β 2.02, 95 % CI 1.71 to 2.32; healthy-looking people: β 2.19, 95 % CI 1.80 to 2.58; witchcraft: β 0.66, 95 % CI 0.21 to 1.11), the squared term of survey year had a negative association (condom use: β −0.02, 95 % CI -0.03 to −0.007; mosquito bites: β −0.02, 95 % CI -0.03 to −0.01; sharing food: β −0.07, 95 % CI -0.08 to −0.06; healthy-looking people: β −0.08, 95 % CI -0.09 to −0.08).

Conclusions

HIV knowledge has increased over time but may plateau. Education, literacy, and wealth strongly shape knowledge, underscoring the need for improved awareness and multifaceted, long-term strategies that address systemic inequities and discriminatory attitudes.

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中低收入国家艾滋病毒知识及其决定因素的变化：一项纵向研究

在低收入和中等收入国家，艾滋病毒仍然是一个重大的公共卫生威胁。本研究评估了中低收入国家艾滋病毒知识和态度随时间的变化。研究设计：纵向研究。方法采用2000 - 2022年人口与健康调查数据，在42个国家进行了多次调查。评估了6个HIV知识项目和歧视态度的正确性。混合效应线性回归评估了与HIV知识相关的因素。结果该研究包括4,798,458名参与者（中位年龄：29岁，23.5%为男性）。44.4%的人报告有歧视态度。混合效应线性回归显示，高等教育、识字率和财富指数与更好地了解艾滋病毒相关（p < 0.05）。年虽然调查显示一个积极的协会与艾滋病知识(使用安全套:β0.50,95%可信区间[CI] 0.15到0.85,蚊虫叮咬:β1.22,95%可信区间0.85到1.58;分享食物:β2.02,95%可信区间1.71到2.32,健康的人:β2.19,95%可信区间1.80到2.58;巫术:β0.66,95%可信区间0.21到1.11),的平方项调查每年有一个负协会(使用安全套:β−0.02,95% CI -0.03−0.007;蚊虫叮咬:β−0.02,95% CI -0.03−0.01;分享食物：β - 0.07, 95% CI -0.08 ~ - 0.06；看起来健康的人：β - 0.08, 95% CI -0.09至- 0.08)。结论hiv知识随时间增长，但可能趋于平稳。教育、扫盲和财富在很大程度上塑造了知识，强调需要提高认识，采取多方面的长期战略，解决系统性不平等和歧视态度。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Public Health 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

280

审稿时长

37 days

期刊介绍： Public Health is an international, multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal. It publishes original papers, reviews and short reports on all aspects of the science, philosophy, and practice of public health.