Effect of cavitation erosion distance on the damage of hydraulic turbine materials

IF 9.7 1区 化学 Q1 ACOUSTICS
Pengbo Wu , Pengcheng Guo , Shuaihui Sun , Haipeng Nan , Guojun Zhang
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Abstract

Cavitation erosion could lead to material loss and structural damage in the flow components of hydraulic machinery, affecting the stable operation and efficiency of the equipment. This study established a cavitation erosion distance model for the gap in the cavitation field. High-speed cameras were used to capture the bubble distribution under different cavitation erosion distances. Additionally, the effects of cavitation erosion distance on the damage of stainless steel 06Cr16Ni5Mo, carbon steel 45#, and Q355B were investigated. The study revealed that when the cavitation erosion distance was short, the low number of cavitation bubbles in the gap volume reduced the impact frequency on the material surface. When the cavitation erosion distance was long, the attenuation of ultrasonic vibration propagation prevented gas nuclei at longer distances from developing into bubbles. Some small-volume bubbles further grew into larger-volume bubbles. The cavitation intensity distribution map obtained through image analysis showed that the maximum cavitation intensity occurring at the cavitation erosion distance of 1 mm. The maximum cumulative weight loss of three materials occurred at a cavitation erosion distance of 1 mm. The weight loss from highest to lowest was Q355B, 45#, and 06Cr16Ni5Mo. The cavitation damage of 06Cr16Ni5Mo was characterized by plastic deformation, with noticeable grain-boundary sliding and exfoliation. In contrast, the cavitation damage of 45# and Q355B was characterized by brittle spalling. The cavitation damage progression and failure mechanisms of the three hydraulic turbine materials were elucidated through comprehensive metallographic analysis. The experimental results provide guidance for enhancing the cavitation resistance of hydraulic turbine materials.
空化侵蚀距离对水轮机材料损伤的影响
空化侵蚀会导致液压机械流动部件的材料损失和结构损坏,影响设备的稳定运行和效率。本研究建立了空化场间隙的空化侵蚀距离模型。利用高速摄像机捕捉不同空化侵蚀距离下的气泡分布。此外,还研究了空化侵蚀距离对不锈钢06Cr16Ni5Mo、碳钢45#和Q355B损伤的影响。研究表明,当空化侵蚀距离较短时,空隙体积中空化气泡数量较少,降低了对材料表面的冲击频率。当空化侵蚀距离较长时,超声振动传播的衰减阻止了较长距离气核形成气泡。一些小体积的气泡进一步成长为大体积的气泡。通过图像分析得到的空化强度分布图显示,最大空化强度发生在空化侵蚀距离为1 mm处。三种材料的累积失重最大发生在空化侵蚀距离为1mm时。失重率由高到低依次为Q355B、45#、06Cr16Ni5Mo。06Cr16Ni5Mo的空化损伤表现为塑性变形,晶界滑动和剥落明显。45#和Q355B的空化损伤表现为脆性剥落。通过综合金相分析,阐明了三种水轮机材料的空化损伤过程及破坏机理。试验结果对提高水轮机材料的抗空化性能具有指导意义。
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来源期刊
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
15.80
自引率
11.90%
发文量
361
审稿时长
59 days
期刊介绍: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry stands as a premier international journal dedicated to the publication of high-quality research articles primarily focusing on chemical reactions and reactors induced by ultrasonic waves, known as sonochemistry. Beyond chemical reactions, the journal also welcomes contributions related to cavitation-induced events and processing, including sonoluminescence, and the transformation of materials on chemical, physical, and biological levels. Since its inception in 1994, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry has consistently maintained a top ranking in the "Acoustics" category, reflecting its esteemed reputation in the field. The journal publishes exceptional papers covering various areas of ultrasonics and sonochemistry. Its contributions are highly regarded by both academia and industry stakeholders, demonstrating its relevance and impact in advancing research and innovation.
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