Ultrafast cavity beam arrival monitor for high-repetition-rate XFELs: Design and commissioning at SHINE

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2025.170942

Yimei Zhou , Shanshan Cao , Yongbin Leng , Longwei Lai , Xiaoqing Liu , Jian Chen , Renxian Yuan

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Abstract

The development and validation of a cavity beam arrival monitor (CBAM) system for the Shanghai HIgh repetitioN rate XFEL and Extreme light facility (SHINE) achieves sub-20 fs timing resolution at 100 pC across a 10 pC–300 pC dynamic range. Based on a 3.520 GHz TM010-mode cavity probe, the system incorporates a down-conversion scheme with low-noise amplification and high-dynamic-range conditioning. A beam diagnostic processor utilizes a 14-bit ADC at 866.7 MSPS (derived from a 1.3 GHz reference via phase-locked loop (PLL)) to sample the 54.2 MHz intermediate frequency (IF) signal. Real-time signal processing employs an optimized fixed-point Goertzel Discrete Fourier Transform (Goertzel-DFT) algorithm with windowing for precise phase extraction. Beam tests at SHINE demonstrated 4.9 fs (RMS) phase resolution and 4.3

\times

10^-4 amplitude accuracy at 100 pC, while SXFEL validation confirmed 13 fs resolution at 8 pC. The key innovations of this work include a novel bunch-to-bunch overlap correction algorithm for 1 MHz operation, reducing systematic phase errors from 260 fs to below 0.3 fs. Additionally, an active temperature control system for coaxial cables demonstrates exceptional long-term stability, improving phase drift by 30.6 fs over 7-hour continuous operation.

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用于高重复率XFELs的超快腔束到达监测器：SHINE的设计和调试

用于上海高重复频率XFEL和极光设施（SHINE）的腔束到达监测（CBAM）系统的开发和验证在10 pC - 300 pC动态范围内，在100 pC下实现了低于20 fs的定时分辨率。该系统基于3.520 GHz tm010模腔探头，采用了低噪声放大和高动态范围调节的下变频方案。波束诊断处理器利用一个14位ADC，频率为866.7 MSPS（通过锁相环（PLL）从1.3 GHz参考频率导出）对54.2 MHz中频（IF）信号进行采样。实时信号处理采用优化的定点Goertzel离散傅立叶变换（Goertzel- dft）算法，加窗进行精确相位提取。SHINE的光束测试在100 pC下显示4.9 fs （RMS）的相位分辨率和4.3 × 10-4的振幅精度，而SXFEL验证在8 pC下确认了13 fs的分辨率。这项工作的关键创新包括一种新的1 MHz操作的束对束重叠校正算法，将系统相位误差从260 fs降低到0.3 fs以下。此外，同轴电缆的主动温度控制系统表现出卓越的长期稳定性，在连续7小时的运行中，相位漂移改善了30.6 fs。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment 物理-光谱学

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

21.40%

发文量

787

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Section A of Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research publishes papers on design, manufacturing and performance of scientific instruments with an emphasis on large scale facilities. This includes the development of particle accelerators, ion sources, beam transport systems and target arrangements as well as the use of secondary phenomena such as synchrotron radiation and free electron lasers. It also includes all types of instrumentation for the detection and spectrometry of radiations from high energy processes and nuclear decays, as well as instrumentation for experiments at nuclear reactors. Specialized electronics for nuclear and other types of spectrometry as well as computerization of measurements and control systems in this area also find their place in the A section. Theoretical as well as experimental papers are accepted.