Diet habits and body composition in people with cystic fibrosis under elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor treatment - A longitudinal, observational study

Abstract

Background

Malnutrition is a significant concern in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Historically, nutritional goals have focused on increasing energy intake and body weight, with less attention to energy sources. This study evaluates diet habits and body composition in pwCF under elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) treatment.

Methods

This is a longitudinal, observational study in adult pwCF using ETI medications in Western Norway. The nutritional status in 27 pwCF using ETI treatment was assessed using dietary assessments and measurements of anthropometrics, body composition and handgrip strength.

Results

Post-ETI treatment, mean body mass index increased by 1.2 kg/m², with more pwCF classified as overweight than underweight. Few pwCF had fat-free mass index, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, or handgrip strength below sarcopenia thresholds, and mean values aligned with general healthy population references. Dietary intake of saturated fat exceeded the daily recommended intake.

Conclusions

Although weight and BMI improved following ETI treatment, proactive measures are imperative to address the current trends of weight gain, elevated FM%, and dietary patterns inconsistent with recommendations. Close monitoring and interventions to prevent excessive weight gain and to improve diet quality may become essential.