Underlining the mechanistic insights in managing the malaria through novel nano-therapeutics and herbal drug technology approach: An updated review

Abstract

Malaria, which is carried by Plasmodium species, affects billions of people worldwide. On the clinical level, it may vary from being merely asymptomatic to exceedingly severe or even fatal. A few treatment approaches, such as primaquine, lumefantrine, and chloroquine, are currently employed as treatments, as are combinations with artemisinin or its derivatives. There is an urgent demand for additional methods of treatment due to the increasing incidence of poor bioavailability, drug toxicity and malarial drug resistance. To address the current problems, additional research and suggestions based on nano therapeutics and herbal drug technology is need to be addressed. To achieve the this,recent nano technological approaches including Liposomes, Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC),Metalic nanoparticles,Emulsomes which is included in current investigations. This will lead to the development of anti-malarial chemotherapeutic medications for intracellular parasite vacuoles and erythrocytes that were infected with parasites.Due to the major toxic issues associated with anti-malarial medications nano vectored based vaccine design is also a recent development in the field of immunology for malaria. On considering the green nanotechnology, the silver nanoparticles of Neem and Asoka have anti-plasmodial effect will generate a better drug delivery approach for malaria in the upcoming era. Hollow mesoporous ferrite nanoparticles (HMFNs), glucose based gold nanoparticles, lumefantrine phospholipid complex are some the recent advances in the nanotechnological based developments in anti-malarial therapeutics.This review paper deeply analyses the various developments &drawbacks in the area of nanotherapeutics and herbal drug technology for the treatment of malarial parasite.