{"title":"Impact of lithium dopants in hole-transporting layers on perovskite solar cell stability under day–night cycling","authors":"Jinzheng Zhao, Jiupeng Cao, Jingjin Dong, Zihao Li, Ying Chu, Aifei Wang, Fangfang Wang, Bingxu Liu, Rui Xu, Jingyu Zhang, Bocong Zhang, Xiaopeng Hu, Wenjian Yan, Chi Zhang, Shaohua Chen, Laiyuan Wang, Gaojie Chen, Wei Huang, Tianshi Qin","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01856-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lithium cation dopants enhance hole-transport efficiency and optimize interfacial charge extraction in the hole-transporting layers of perovskite solar cells. Although the migration of lithium cations is known to induce phase transition from α-phase to δ-phase in perovskites, reports of long-term device stability present apparent contradictions. Here we show that, under dark/light alternating conditions, lithium migration induces a rapid degradation of the α-phase perovskite. This degradation is not observed under continuous light-only or dark-only conditions commonly used within the field to test the devices. To address the instability under dark/light cycling, we replace the lithium dopant with a methylammonium dopant. Importantly, we show no unreacted methylammonium dopant in the hole-transport layer film different to the lithium dopant, hinting at a better device stability. We achieve an efficiency of 26.1% (25.6% certified) and <i>T</i><sub>95</sub> lifetimes (that is, time for the device efficiency to decay to 95% of its initial value) of over 1,200 h of continuous light–dark cycling (ISOS-LC-1 certified) and 3,000 voltage-on/off cycles, conditions that are relevant to real-world operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":60.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nature Energy","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01856-z","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Lithium cation dopants enhance hole-transport efficiency and optimize interfacial charge extraction in the hole-transporting layers of perovskite solar cells. Although the migration of lithium cations is known to induce phase transition from α-phase to δ-phase in perovskites, reports of long-term device stability present apparent contradictions. Here we show that, under dark/light alternating conditions, lithium migration induces a rapid degradation of the α-phase perovskite. This degradation is not observed under continuous light-only or dark-only conditions commonly used within the field to test the devices. To address the instability under dark/light cycling, we replace the lithium dopant with a methylammonium dopant. Importantly, we show no unreacted methylammonium dopant in the hole-transport layer film different to the lithium dopant, hinting at a better device stability. We achieve an efficiency of 26.1% (25.6% certified) and T95 lifetimes (that is, time for the device efficiency to decay to 95% of its initial value) of over 1,200 h of continuous light–dark cycling (ISOS-LC-1 certified) and 3,000 voltage-on/off cycles, conditions that are relevant to real-world operation.
Nature EnergyEnergy-Energy Engineering and Power Technology
CiteScore
75.10
自引率
1.10%
发文量
193
期刊介绍:
Nature Energy is a monthly, online-only journal committed to showcasing the most impactful research on energy, covering everything from its generation and distribution to the societal implications of energy technologies and policies.
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