Ultra-High Sensitivity Terahertz Detection Using a 2D-Material-Based Metasurface: Design, Tuning, and Machine Learning Validation

IF 4.3 4区物理与天体物理 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Plasmonics Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI:10.1007/s11468-025-03118-w

Vinoth R, Gunasekaran Thangavel, Jacob Wekalao, Amuthakkannan Rajakannu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The quantification of dopamine, a critical catecholamine neurotransmitter, remains a significant challenge in neurological research and clinical diagnostics due to its low physiological concentrations and interference from structurally similar compounds. This study presents a simple metasurface sensor employing graphene-enhanced surface plasmon resonance for ultra-sensitive dopamine detection. Finite element method simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.2 demonstrate exceptional performance with a maximum sensitivity of 500 GHzRIU⁻¹ at 0.805 THz, achieving a figure of merit of 2.110 and quality factor ranging from 3.376 to 3.435. The sensor exhibits tunable response through graphene chemical potential modulation (0.1–0.9 eV), with transmittance varying from 81.6% to 16.4%. Angular stability analysis reveals consistent performance across incidence angles from 0° to 80°. Machine learning integration using XGBoost regression achieves 92–100% prediction accuracy, enabling real-time performance optimization. The proposed sensor surpasses existing designs in sensitivity while maintaining broad refractive index detection range,positioning it as a promising platform for advanced neurochemical sensing applications in Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and substance abuse disorder diagnostics.

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使用基于二维材料的超表面的超高灵敏度太赫兹检测：设计，调谐和机器学习验证

多巴胺是一种重要的儿茶酚胺神经递质，由于其低生理浓度和结构相似化合物的干扰，多巴胺的定量在神经学研究和临床诊断中仍然是一个重大挑战。本研究提出了一种简单的超表面传感器，采用石墨烯增强表面等离子体共振进行超灵敏多巴胺检测。使用COMSOL Multiphysics 6.2进行有限元模拟，在0.805 THz下的最大灵敏度为500 GHzRIU−1，性能指标为2.110，质量因子范围为3.376至3.435。通过石墨烯化学势调制（0.1 ~ 0.9 eV），传感器具有可调谐的响应，透过率在81.6% ~ 16.4%之间变化。角度稳定性分析显示，从0°到80°的入射角范围内，性能一致。使用XGBoost回归的机器学习集成实现了92-100%的预测精度，实现了实时性能优化。该传感器在灵敏度上超越了现有的设计，同时保持了较宽的折射率检测范围，将其定位为帕金森病、精神分裂症和药物滥用障碍诊断中先进神经化学传感应用的有前途的平台。

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来源期刊

Plasmonics 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

6.70%

发文量

164

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： Plasmonics is an international forum for the publication of peer-reviewed leading-edge original articles that both advance and report our knowledge base and practice of the interactions of free-metal electrons, Plasmons. Topics covered include notable advances in the theory, Physics, and applications of surface plasmons in metals, to the rapidly emerging areas of nanotechnology, biophotonics, sensing, biochemistry and medicine. Topics, including the theory, synthesis and optical properties of noble metal nanostructures, patterned surfaces or materials, continuous or grated surfaces, devices, or wires for their multifarious applications are particularly welcome. Typical applications might include but are not limited to, surface enhanced spectroscopic properties, such as Raman scattering or fluorescence, as well developments in techniques such as surface plasmon resonance and near-field scanning optical microscopy.