Statistical Analysis of Sunspot Area and Magnetic Flux on Solar Disc During 2011 – 2023

IF 2.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Solar Physics Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI:10.1007/s11207-025-02537-6

Avneesh Kumar, Nagendra Kumar, Hari Om Vats

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

We investigate the temporal variations and distribution functions of daily sunspot area and magnetic flux data from 2011 to 2023. The yearly distribution of sunspot area on the solar full disc, southern hemisphere and northern hemisphere, and magnetic flux on the solar full disc are positively skewed for all the years from 2011 to 2023. We analyzed the variations of yearly maximum, median, first quartile, third quartile, interquartile range and mean of the daily sunspot area and magnetic flux on the solar full disc and found their maxima and minima for sunspot area and magnetic flux. Maxima occur in the years 2014 and 2015 for sunspot area and magnetic flux, respectively, whereas their minima occur in the years 2018 and 2019. We found the correlations between the descriptive statistical measures of sunspot area and magnetic flux, kernel density estimator, and lognormal functions to describe the distributions of daily sunspot area and magnetic flux. We found a positive correlation of 0.96 between the distribution functions of sunspot area and magnetic flux on the solar full disc during 2011 – 2023. We demonstrated that the distribution function for daily sunspot area correlates linearly well with the distribution function for magnetic flux during 2011 – 2023.

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2011 - 2023年太阳黑子面积和太阳盘磁通量的统计分析

研究了2011 - 2023年太阳黑子面积和磁通量日数据的时间变化和分布函数。2011 ~ 2023年，太阳全盘黑子面积、南半球和北半球的年际分布以及太阳全盘磁通量的年际分布均呈正偏态。分析了太阳全盘日黑子面积和磁通量的年最大值、中位数、第1四分位数、第3四分位数、四分位数间距和平均值的变化规律，得出了太阳黑子面积和磁通量的年最大值和最小值。太阳黑子面积和磁通量的最大值分别出现在2014年和2015年，最小值分别出现在2018年和2019年。我们发现了描述黑子面积和磁通的描述性统计测度、核密度估计量和描述太阳黑子面积和磁通日分布的对数正态函数之间的相关性。发现2011 ~ 2023年太阳黑子面积分布函数与太阳全盘磁通量的正相关系数为0.96。结果表明，2011 - 2023年太阳黑子日面积分布函数与磁通量分布函数线性相关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Solar Physics 地学天文-天文与天体物理

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

17.90%

发文量

146

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Solar Physics was founded in 1967 and is the principal journal for the publication of the results of fundamental research on the Sun. The journal treats all aspects of solar physics, ranging from the internal structure of the Sun and its evolution to the outer corona and solar wind in interplanetary space. Papers on solar-terrestrial physics and on stellar research are also published when their results have a direct bearing on our understanding of the Sun.