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Rare earth modified TiO2 nanomaterials for high-efficiency DSSCs and visible-light Photocatalysis: Emphasis on Nd-doping

IF 5.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Ceramics International Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.06.248

Archana Ashok , Raguram T. , Shobana M. , Jeba Beula R. , Ramya R. , Sabareesh K.P. Velu , Abiram A. , Shilpa Shivaram

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Rare-earth-modified TiO₂ nanomaterials (Sm, Er, Nd) exhibiting up/down conversion capabilities were successfully synthesized and integrated into photoelectrodes to enhance both the photovoltaic efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes. Among the dopants, Nd-doped TiO₂ demonstrated the highest DSSC efficiency of 4.17 %, reflecting a 56 % improvement over undoped TiO₂. Structural and optical characterizations confirmed the effectiveness of rare earth incorporation: XRD and Raman spectroscopy verified anatase phase stability and purity, while BET analysis indicated increased surface area, contributing to improved device performance. XPS confirmed successful dopant integration, and FESEM with EDS mapping validated uniform morphology and elemental distribution. UV–Vis absorption and Urbach energy analysis revealed bandgap narrowing, enhancing visible light absorption and reducing charge recombination through defect mitigation. Photoluminescence (PL) studies confirmed up/down conversion luminescence and suppressed charge recombination, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicated lower charge transfer resistance and improved charge transport. DSSCs based on Nd-doped TiO₂ achieved a Jsc of 12.89 mA/cm², outperforming Sm-doped (3.82 %) and Er-doped (3.97 %) counterparts. Furthermore, Nd-doped TiO₂ exhibited superior photocatalytic activity, degrading 94.56 % of Rhodamine B under visible light, compared to 67.6 % and 85.8 % for Sm- and Er-doped TiO₂, respectively. These results underscore the potential of rare earth doping in TiO₂ as a viable strategy for advancing cost-effective, high-performance solutions in solar energy and environmental remediation.

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稀土修饰TiO2纳米材料用于高效DSSCs和可见光催化：重点研究nd掺杂

成功地合成了具有上下转换能力的稀土修饰TiO2纳米材料（Sm, Er, Nd），并将其集成到光电极中，以提高染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）的光伏效率和光催化降解有机染料。其中，nd掺杂TiO2的DSSC效率最高，为4.17%，比未掺杂TiO2提高了56%。结构和光学表征证实了稀土掺入的有效性：XRD和拉曼光谱验证了锐钛矿的相稳定性和纯度，而BET分析表明增加了表面积，有助于提高器件性能。XPS证实了掺杂剂的成功整合，FESEM和EDS映射证实了均匀的形貌和元素分布。紫外-可见吸收和乌尔巴赫能量分析显示，带隙缩小，增强可见光吸收，并通过缺陷缓解减少电荷复合。光致发光（PL）研究证实了上/下转换发光和抑制电荷复合，电化学阻抗谱（EIS）研究表明电荷转移电阻降低，电荷输运改善。基于nd掺杂TiO2的DSSCs的Jsc为12.89 mA/cm2，优于sm掺杂（3.82%）和er掺杂（3.97%）的DSSCs。此外，nd掺杂的TiO2表现出优异的光催化活性，在可见光下对罗丹明B的降解率为94.56%，而Sm掺杂和er掺杂的TiO2分别为67.6%和85.8%。这些结果强调了稀土掺杂TiO2作为一种可行的策略，在太阳能和环境修复中推进经济高效的解决方案的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ceramics International

Ceramics International 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

15.40%

发文量

4558

审稿时长

25 days

期刊介绍： Ceramics International covers the science of advanced ceramic materials. The journal encourages contributions that demonstrate how an understanding of the basic chemical and physical phenomena may direct materials design and stimulate ideas for new or improved processing techniques, in order to obtain materials with desired structural features and properties. Ceramics International covers oxide and non-oxide ceramics, functional glasses, glass ceramics, amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials (and their combinations with metal and organic materials), in the form of particulates, dense or porous bodies, thin/thick films and laminated, graded and composite structures. Process related topics such as ceramic-ceramic joints or joining ceramics with dissimilar materials, as well as surface finishing and conditioning are also covered. Besides traditional processing techniques, manufacturing routes of interest include innovative procedures benefiting from externally applied stresses, electromagnetic fields and energetic beams, as well as top-down and self-assembly nanotechnology approaches. In addition, the journal welcomes submissions on bio-inspired and bio-enabled materials designs, experimentally validated multi scale modelling and simulation for materials design, and the use of the most advanced chemical and physical characterization techniques of structure, properties and behaviour. Technologically relevant low-dimensional systems are a particular focus of Ceramics International. These include 0, 1 and 2-D nanomaterials (also covering CNTs, graphene and related materials, and diamond-like carbons), their nanocomposites, as well as nano-hybrids and hierarchical multifunctional nanostructures that might integrate molecular, biological and electronic components.

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