Stripping of cathode materials from aluminum foil using triethyl phosphate: Feasibility and mechanism analysis

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115101

Junyi Wang, Qi Zhao, Yixuan Wang, Zihan Feng, Kaimin Shih

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Abstract

The rapid expansion of electric vehicle (EV) industries has significantly increased global lithium-ion battery (LIB) production and consumption. Addressing resource scarcity and environmental concerns necessitates efficient battery recycling, where cathode material stripping from aluminum (Al) foil constitutes a critical preprocessing step. Although various techniques—including deep eutectic solvents, advanced oxidation processes, and molten salt systems—demonstrate stripping capability, their practical application is constrained by demanding operational conditions, excessive chemical costs, and procedural complexity. This study introduces an optimized organic solvent approach utilizing triethyl phosphate (TEP), which combines operational simplicity with cost-effectiveness. Experimental results demonstrate that thermal treatment at 80 °C with 100 rpm agitation for 20 min achieves consistent stripping efficiencies reaching 95.27 %. Remarkably, the process maintains > 89 % efficiency upon 10-time solvent recycling, confirming TEP’s reusability. Mechanistic analysis reveals stripping is predominantly governed by thermal dissolution rather than chemical degradation. The developed protocol offers a practical solution for industrial-scale battery recycling, featuring mild processing conditions and reduced chemical consumption. This work not only establishes an efficient stripping methodology but also provides fundamental insights for sustainable pretreatment processes in LIB recycling.

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磷酸三乙酯剥离铝箔正极材料的可行性及机理分析

随着电动汽车（EV）产业的快速发展，全球锂离子电池（LIB）的产量和消费量大幅增加。解决资源短缺和环境问题需要有效的电池回收，其中从铝（Al）箔中剥离阴极材料是关键的预处理步骤。尽管包括深共晶溶剂、高级氧化工艺和熔盐系统在内的各种技术都证明了剥离能力，但它们的实际应用受到苛刻的操作条件、过高的化学成本和程序复杂性的限制。本研究介绍了一种利用磷酸三乙酯（TEP）优化有机溶剂的方法，该方法操作简单，成本效益高。实验结果表明，在80°C、100 rpm搅拌20 min的条件下热处理，汽提效率达到95.27%。值得注意的是，该工艺在10次溶剂回收后仍保持89%的效率，证实了TEP的可重复使用性。机理分析表明，溶出主要由热溶解作用而非化学降解作用控制。开发的协议为工业规模的电池回收提供了一个实用的解决方案，具有温和的处理条件和减少化学品消耗的特点。这项工作不仅建立了一种有效的剥离方法，而且为LIB回收中的可持续预处理过程提供了基本见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Waste management 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

15.60

自引率

6.20%

发文量

492

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： Waste Management is devoted to the presentation and discussion of information on solid wastes,it covers the entire lifecycle of solid. wastes. Scope: Addresses solid wastes in both industrialized and economically developing countries Covers various types of solid wastes, including: Municipal (e.g., residential, institutional, commercial, light industrial) Agricultural Special (e.g., C and D, healthcare, household hazardous wastes, sewage sludge)