Factors associated with respiratory syncytial virus-neutralizing antibody titers in adults

IF 1.5 4区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI:10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102801

Kensuke Shoji , Masaki Yamada , Michi Hisano , Yusuke Okubo , Erika Obikane , Koushi Yamaguchi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with high morbidity in children. Despite recent advances in vaccine development for adults and maternal vaccination strategies to protect newborns, data on RSV seroprevalence and neutralizing antibody titers in adults remain limited. This study aimed to measure RSV-neutralizing antibody titers in adults and explore associated background characteristics.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 10 to July 18, 2024, among healthcare and non-healthcare workers at a pediatric medical facility in Japan. Blood samples collected during routine health checkups were analyzed for RSV-neutralizing antibody titers. Multivariable modified Poisson regression was used to examine associations between antibody titers and background characteristics collected using a structured questionnaire. A restricted cubic spline model was applied to assess age-related trends in antibody titers.

Results

Among 1226 participants, 4.5 % were seronegative and 63.5 % had RSV-neutralizing antibody titers ≥8-fold. The spline model showed that titers were highest in the early 20s, declined in the 30s, modestly increased in the early 40s, and declined thereafter. Higher titers (≥8-fold) were associated with age 30–39 years (prevalence ratio [PR], 0.85; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.74–0.97), presence of chronic disease (PR, 1.11; 95 %CI, 1.01–1.22), and having children <9 years in the household (PR, 1.17; 95 %CI, 1.03–1.33).

Conclusions

RSV-neutralizing antibody titers showed age-dependent variation, with notably lower levels among individuals in their 30s. Higher titers were associated with chronic conditions and living with younger children, highlighting the role of exposure history in shaping immunity.

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成人呼吸道合胞病毒中和抗体滴度的相关因素

呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）在儿童中具有很高的发病率。尽管最近在成人疫苗开发和保护新生儿的母亲疫苗接种策略方面取得了进展，但成人RSV血清阳性率和中和抗体滴度的数据仍然有限。本研究旨在测量成人rsv中和抗体滴度，并探讨相关背景特征。方法本横断面研究于2024年7月10日至7月18日在日本一家儿科医疗机构的医护人员和非医护人员中进行。在常规健康检查期间收集的血液样本进行rsv中和抗体滴度分析。使用多变量修正泊松回归来检验抗体滴度与通过结构化问卷收集的背景特征之间的关联。限制三次样条模型用于评估抗体滴度的年龄相关趋势。结果1226名受试者中，4.5%血清阴性，63.5% rsv中和抗体滴度≥8倍。样条模型显示，20年代初滴度最高，30年代下降，40年代初略有上升，此后呈下降趋势。高滴度（≥8倍）与年龄30-39岁（患病率比[PR]， 0.85； 95%可信区间[CI]， 0.74-0.97）、存在慢性疾病（PR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01-1.22）、家庭中有孩子≥9岁（PR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03-1.33）相关。结论srsv中和抗体滴度存在年龄依赖性，在30多岁人群中明显较低。高滴度与慢性疾病和年幼儿童生活有关，突出了暴露史在形成免疫力中的作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy INFECTIOUS DISEASES-PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

4.50%

发文量

303

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy (JIC) — official journal of the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases — welcomes original papers, laboratory or clinical, as well as case reports, notes, committee reports, surveillance and guidelines from all parts of the world on all aspects of chemotherapy, covering the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and control of infection, including treatment with anticancer drugs. Experimental studies on animal models and pharmacokinetics, and reports on epidemiology and clinical trials are particularly welcome.