Intimate Partner Violence and Postpartum Depression Among Pakistani Women: Moderating Role of Miscarriages

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Interpersonal Violence Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI:10.1177/08862605251349820

Ishrat Anwar, Rayna Sadia, Saira Khan, Irum Aslam

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Abstract

Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental health concern affecting women worldwide with detrimental effects on both mothers’ well-being and infants’ development. In Pakistan, new mothers are at a heightened risk of PPD due to the limited availability of psychological assistance and the tabooed status of mental health in society. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is widely recognized as a substantial risk factor for PPD. The present study attempted to investigate the relationship between PPD and IPV among Pakistani women. In addition, the moderating role of miscarriages in the association between IPV and PPD was also examined. A cross-sectional research approach and purposive sampling technique were used to collect data from mothers ( N = 300) who had delivered 6 weeks to twelve months before. Data was collected on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Severity of Violence Against Women Scale. The results of the correlational analysis indicated that PPD is positively associated with IPV. Moderation analysis revealed that miscarriage moderates the association between sexual violence and PPD. Findings suggest that IPV is a primary factor contributing to miscarriages and PPD. Treatment and prevention strategies addressing PPD should exert additional efforts to educate and support women to effectively address IPV.

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巴基斯坦妇女的亲密伴侣暴力和产后抑郁：流产的调节作用

产后抑郁症（PPD）是一种影响全世界妇女的普遍心理健康问题，对母亲的健康和婴儿的发育都有不利影响。在巴基斯坦，由于可获得的心理援助有限，以及心理健康在社会上的禁忌地位，新妈妈患产后抑郁症的风险更高。亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）被广泛认为是PPD的重要危险因素。本研究旨在探讨巴基斯坦妇女PPD与IPV之间的关系。此外，流产在IPV和PPD之间的关联中的调节作用也被检查。采用横断面研究方法和有目的的抽样技术从分娩6周到12个月前的母亲（N = 300）中收集数据。数据收集在爱丁堡产后抑郁量表和暴力侵害妇女严重程度量表上。相关分析结果显示PPD与IPV呈正相关。适度分析显示，流产可以调节性暴力与产后抑郁症之间的关系。研究结果表明，IPV是导致流产和PPD的主要因素。针对产后发育障碍的治疗和预防战略应加大力度，教育和支持妇女有效应对IPV。

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来源期刊

Journal of Interpersonal Violence Multiple-

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

12.00%

发文量

375

期刊介绍： The Journal of Interpersonal Violence is devoted to the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of interpersonal violence. It provides a forum of discussion of the concerns and activities of professionals and researchers working in domestic violence, child sexual abuse, rape and sexual assault, physical child abuse, and violent crime. With its dual focus on victims and victimizers, the journal will publish material that addresses the causes, effects, treatment, and prevention of all types of violence. JIV only publishes reports on individual studies in which the scientific method is applied to the study of some aspect of interpersonal violence. Research may use qualitative or quantitative methods. JIV does not publish reviews of research, individual case studies, or the conceptual analysis of some aspect of interpersonal violence. Outcome data for program or intervention evaluations must include a comparison or control group.