Disentangling biodiversity and temperature effects on bees and pollination services in mountain agroecosystems

IF 6.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Sebastiano Zanini , Matteo Dainese , Lisa Obwegs , Elia Guariento , Timo Kopf , Matteo Anderle , Georg Leitinger , Ulrike Tappeiner
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Abstract

Pollinating insects are declining globally due to habitat loss, agricultural intensification, and climate change. Wild bee loss threatens the delivery of pollination services essential for agriculture and ecosystem stability. Our study examined how multidiversity, reflecting the richness of four functional groups and indirectly indicating land-use intensity, together with temperature as a climatic proxy, shapes wild bee diversity and pollination services in mountainous agroecosystems. We selected 24 farmland sites in South Tyrol (NE Italy) spanning independent gradients of multidiversity and temperature. We used pan traps to quantify wild bee species richness and abundance of wild and managed bees. Additionally, we performed a phytometer experiment using radish and strawberry model plants to assess wild bee visitation and the resulting seed and fruit production. Our results showed that wild bee diversity and visitation rates increased with multidiversity, reflecting the strong influence of land-use intensity. In contrast, temperature had limited direct effect on wild bee diversity, partly because floral resources were not a limiting factor. Visitation rates varied with multidiversity: honeybee visitation rates dominated in low-diversity landscapes, while wild bee visitations peaked in more diversified landscapes. The pollinator exclusion experiment on strawberries revealed that higher temperatures reduced fruit weight more in the absence of insect pollination, suggesting an interaction between climate and pollination provision. Overall, our results findings highlight the complex interplay betweenbiotic and abiotic factors shaping wild bee communities and pollination. They also suggest that preserving biodiversity in agricultural landscapes could help buffer climate change impacts and support more resilient agroecosystems.
山地农业生态系统中生物多样性和温度对蜜蜂和授粉服务的影响
由于栖息地丧失、农业集约化和气候变化,传粉昆虫在全球范围内正在减少。野生蜜蜂的消失威胁着对农业和生态系统稳定至关重要的授粉服务的提供。我们的研究考察了反映四种功能群丰富度并间接指示土地利用强度的多多样性,以及作为气候代理的温度如何影响山地农业生态系统中野生蜜蜂的多样性和授粉服务。我们在意大利东北部的南蒂罗尔(South Tyrol)选择了24个农田样地,跨越了多样性和温度的独立梯度。采用平底捕集器对野生蜜蜂种类丰富度及野生和管理蜜蜂的丰度进行量化。此外,我们使用萝卜和草莓模式植物进行了植物计实验,以评估野生蜜蜂的访问及其产生的种子和果实产量。结果表明,随着多样性的增加,野生蜜蜂的多样性和访蜂率呈增加趋势,反映了土地利用强度的强烈影响。相比之下,温度对野生蜜蜂多样性的直接影响有限,部分原因是花卉资源不是限制因素。蜜蜂的访视率在低多样性景观中占主导地位,而野生蜜蜂的访视率在更多样化的景观中达到峰值。对草莓进行的授粉者排除实验表明,在没有昆虫授粉的情况下,高温更能降低果实的重量,这表明气候和授粉提供之间存在相互作用。总的来说,我们的研究结果强调了生物和非生物因素之间复杂的相互作用,形成了野生蜜蜂群落和授粉。他们还提出,保护农业景观中的生物多样性可能有助于缓冲气候变化的影响,并支持更具弹性的农业生态系统。
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来源期刊
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
11.70
自引率
9.10%
发文量
392
审稿时长
26 days
期刊介绍: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment publishes scientific articles dealing with the interface between agroecosystems and the natural environment, specifically how agriculture influences the environment and how changes in that environment impact agroecosystems. Preference is given to papers from experimental and observational research at the field, system or landscape level, from studies that enhance our understanding of processes using data-based biophysical modelling, and papers that bridge scientific disciplines and integrate knowledge. All papers should be placed in an international or wide comparative context.
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