Beyond p-values: Assessing clinical significance in acupuncture research

Abstract

In acupuncture randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the proper interpretation of results requires a thorough understanding of key statistical concepts such as p-value, effect size, and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). This paper explores the relationships among these metrics and their implications for assessing the clinical significance of acupuncture interventions. Through case studies, the paper highlights the limitations of relying solely on p-values for determining the clinical relevance of outcomes. Although statistically significant results may be reported, these studies often fail to meet the prespecified MCID, raising concerns about their real-world applicability. This paper argues that p-values must be interpreted alongside effect size and MCID to ensure that reported benefits reflect meaningful improvements for patients. By examining both short- and long-term outcomes, this analysis emphasizes the need for a holistic approach when evaluating acupuncture RCTs, ensuring that statistical findings are translated into clinically significant improvements.