Comparative toxicity and physiological effects of pyriproxyfen and sweet wormwood essential oil on Papilio demoleus L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI:10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103753

Amir Hossein Yasaman, Zahra Afrazeh, Azim Nemati, Roya Azizi, Jalal Jalali Sendi

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Abstract

Citrus crops face infestation by over 250 insect pests across all growth stages, with the lemon butterfly (Papilio demoleus L.) being a major foliar pest. This study investigated the toxicity and physiological effects of Artemisia annua essential oil (EO) and Pyriproxyfen (Py) a synthetic insect growth regulator (IGRs) as positive control on 5th instar larvae of P. demoleus. Oral toxicity bioassays revealed that Py exhibited significantly higher acute toxicity (LC₅₀ = 0.027 W/V%) compared to A. annua EO (LC₅₀ = 4.09 W/V%). Sublethal concentrations (LC₃₀) of both compounds adversely affected larval nutritional physiology, reducing key indices such as approximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI). Py caused more pronounced suppression of these parameters, suggesting stronger metabolic disruption. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that both treatments modulated detoxification enzymes (e.g., esterases, glutathione S-transferases (GST), and cytochrome P450) and antioxidant defenses (Catalase), with Py inducing greater oxidative stress. Total Hemocyte Count (THC) and Differential Hemocyte Count (DHC) were significantly reduced, indicating compromised immunity. While Py showed superior lethality, A. annua EO exhibited multifaceted bioactivity, including antifeedant and growth-regulatory effects. These findings highlight the potential of A. annua EO as a sustainable alternative for integrated pest management (IPM) of P. demoleus, balancing efficacy with environmental safety.

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吡丙醚与苦艾精油对凤蝶的比较毒性及生理效应

柑橘作物在生长的各个阶段都面临着250多种害虫的侵扰，其中柠檬蝴蝶（Papilio demoeus L.）是主要的害虫。以青蒿精油（EO）和合成昆虫生长调节剂（IGRs）吡丙醚（Py）为阳性对照，研究了其对稻蛾5龄幼虫的毒力和生理效应。口服毒性生物测定结果显示，Py的急性毒性（LC50 = 0.027 W/V%）明显高于A. annua EO （LC50 = 4.09 W/V%）。这两种化合物的亚致死浓度（LC30）对幼虫的营养生理产生不利影响，降低了主要指标，如近似消化率（AD）和摄入食物转化效率（ECI）。Py对这些参数的抑制更为明显，表明代谢破坏更强。生化分析表明，两种处理都调节了解毒酶（如酯酶、谷胱甘肽s -转移酶（GST）和细胞色素P450）和抗氧化防御（过氧化氢酶），Py诱导了更大的氧化应激。总血细胞计数（THC）和差异血细胞计数（DHC）显著降低，表明免疫功能受损。Py具有较强的致病性，而A. annua EO具有多方面的生物活性，包括拒食和生长调节作用。这些发现突出表明，在平衡效果和环境安全的前提下，黄花霉EO作为一种可持续的害虫综合治理（IPM）替代品的潜力。

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来源期刊

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agronomy and Crop Science

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

2.50%

发文量

308

审稿时长

48 days

期刊介绍： Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology is the official journal of the International Society of Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology (ISBAB). The journal publishes high quality articles especially in the science and technology of biocatalysis, bioprocesses, agricultural biotechnology, biomedical biotechnology, and, if appropriate, from other related areas of biotechnology. The journal will publish peer-reviewed basic and applied research papers, authoritative reviews, and feature articles. The scope of the journal encompasses the research, industrial, and commercial aspects of biotechnology, including the areas of: biocatalysis; bioprocesses; food and agriculture; genetic engineering; molecular biology; healthcare and pharmaceuticals; biofuels; genomics; nanotechnology; environment and biodiversity; and bioremediation.