Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in skeletal muscle: A new frontier in muscle biology

Abstract

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a crucial biophysical process that enables dynamic compartmentalization within cells, gaining prominence in recent research on cellular organization. However, its implications for skeletal muscle—a vital tissue for movement and metabolic regulation—remain largely uncharted. This review highlights recent insights into LLPS's roles in other tissues while examining its potential functions in skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and disease. By synthesizing existing knowledge, we propose that exploring LLPS in skeletal muscle could uncover fundamental aspects of muscle physiology and offer innovative therapeutic avenues for muscle-related disorders. A deeper grasp of LLPS may thus transform our understanding and treatment of skeletal muscle pathologies.